Showing 253 instruments. If these results are unexpected, you may wish to consult the instructions.
Affret A
Dietary factors:
- multiple
- protein
- calcium
- phosphorus
- potassium
- sodium
- carbohydrates and lipids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 49
Validation studies:
Affret et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls (6)
n = 127
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: France
Alcantara I: NCI Fat Screener; BRFSS Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Module
Dietary factors:
- percentage energy from fat
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17; 6
Validation studies:
Alcantara et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- 2 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 260
Study population:
Age: Adults 35 to 65
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: African-American
Country/location: U.S. (Georgia)
Related to:
Alsufiani H: Zinc-FFQ
Dietary factors:
- zinc
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 64
Validation studies:
Alsufiani et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- Food record
n = 100
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Middle Eastern
Country/location: Saudi Arabia
Alsufiani H: Zinc-FFQ
Dietary factors:
- multiple
- iron
- copper
- selenium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 64
Validation studies:
Alsufiani et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- Food record
n = 97
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Middle Eastern
Country/location: Saudi Arabia
Ambrosini GL
Dietary factors:
- vitamin A (beta-carotene and retinol)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 43
Validation studies:
Ambrosini et al, 2001
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Reference tool(s):
- Diet records
n = 76
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Andersen LF
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 27
Validation studies:
Andersen et al, 2002
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Reference tool(s):
- Weighed diet records
n = 108
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Male
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Norway
Angelotti A: Omega-3 Checklist
Dietary factors:
- omega-3 fatty acids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 29
Validation studies:
Angelotti et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
- biomarkers
n = 85
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S. (Ohio)
Ansari MR
Dietary factors:
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 78
Validation studies:
Ansari et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- 3 24-hour recalls
- biologic - plasma phospholipids
n = 89
Study population:
Age: Children 6 to 23 months
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Indonesia (East Jakarta)
Apovian CM: DASH Online Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- whole grains
- low-fat dairy products
- meats
- sugary sweets
- fat
- nuts/seeds/legumes
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Checklist
Number of questions/food items: 74
Validation studies:
Apovian et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 191
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Ashton L: The Fruit And Vegetable VAriety index (FAVVA)
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 35
Validation studies:
Ashton et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
- biologic
n = 99
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia (New South Wales)
Bacardí-Gascón
Dietary factors:
- folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 31
Validation studies:
Bacardí-Gascón et al, 2003
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- Weighed food records
- Biomarker - plasma and RBC folate
n = 104
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic
Country/location: Mexico
Baric IC
Dietary factors:
- folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 39
Validation studies:
Baric et al, 2009
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Reference tool(s):
- Biomarkers - serum and erythrocyte folate and plasma homocysteine
n = 99
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Croatia
Béliard S: NLSChol Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- dietary fats
- fruits and vegetables
- bread and carbohydrates
- phytosterols
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 11
Validation studies:
Béliard S et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
- Diet history
n = 53
Study population:
Age: Adults (mean of 58 years +/- 16 years)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: France (Paris)
Bell LK: Toddler Dietary Questionnaire (TDQ)
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- dairy
- high-fat foods
- high-sugar foods
- high-salt foods
- sweetened beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Bell et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- 54-item FFQ
n = 111
Study population:
Age: Children 12 to 36 months
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Birgisdottir BE
Dietary factors:
- seafood (fish and fish oil)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Birgisdottir et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
- Food records
n = 56
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Multiple countries (Iceland, Ireland, Spain)
Other references:
Blanton C: Herb/Spices Intake Questionnaire (HSQ)
Dietary factors:
- herbs and spices
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 28
Validation studies:
Blanton C, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day food records or three telephone-administered 24-h dietary recalls
n = 62
Country/location: U.S. (Idaho)
Bleiweiss-Sande R: Fueling Learning through Exercise (FLEX) dietary questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- snacks
- beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 39
Validation studies:
Bleiweiss-Sande et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- Screener
n = 63
Study population:
Age: Children (3rd through 5th graders)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S. (Massachusetts)
Block G
Dietary factors:
- fats
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 22
Validation studies:
Block et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
- Validated Block FFQ
n = 208
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Bogers RP
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 8
Validation studies:
Bogers et al, 2004
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Reference tool(s):
- Biomarkers - vitamin C and carotenoids
n = 157
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Netherlands
Other references:
Bully P: Prescribe Healthy Life Screening Questionnaire (Prescribe Vida Saludable; PVS-SQ)
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 12 (2 specifically on diet)
Validation studies:
Bully et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 126
Study population:
Age: Adults and children 10 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain (Basque)
Buscemi S
Dietary factors:
- energy
- multiple nutrients
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 18; 36
Validation studies:
Buscemi et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- Food record
n = 65
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 79
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Italy (Sicily)
Cantwell M: Meat cooking practice module
Dietary factors:
- heterocyclic amines
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 23
Validation studies:
Cantwell et al, 2004
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Reference tool(s):
- Food diaries
n = 165
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Carvalho GQ
Dietary factors:
- long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 27; 89
Validation studies:
Carvalho et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recall
n = 49
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Chile
Cena H
Dietary factors:
- carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 30
Validation studies:
Cena et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
- Dietary records
- Biomarkers - Plasma concentrations carotenoids
n = 87
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Italy
Cerwinske LA: Mediterranean Eating Pattern for Americans (MEPA) tool
Dietary factors:
- Mediterranean diet pattern
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Cerwinske et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 70
Study population:
Age: Adults 24 to 79
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S. (Chicago, IL)
Chakradeo P: Food Timing Screener
Dietary factors:
- food timing
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 6
Validation studies:
Chakradeo et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- recall
n = <100
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: U.S.
Chan J: FFQ for the ORENTRA study
Dietary factors:
- Fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Chan et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- Biomarkers
n = 132
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Norway
Chan SG: Soy FFQ (SFFQ)
Dietary factors:
- soy isoflavones
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 47
Validation studies:
Chan et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 145
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Chinese
Country/location: China
Charlton KE
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- sodium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 42
Validation studies:
Charlton et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- Biomarkers - 24-hour urinary Na
n = 325
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: South Africa
Cheng Z: Simplified food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ)
Dietary factors:
- dietary intake
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 50
Validation studies:
Cheng et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = 239
Study population:
Age: Adults ages 20 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Asian
Country/location: China
Cleghorn CL
Dietary factors:
- multiple
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Cleghorn et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
- recall
n = 752
Study population:
Age: Adults 53 to 62
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: United Kingdom (East Leeds and Bolton, England)
Colburn A: Water frequency questionnaire (TWI-FQ)
Dietary factors:
- other (water)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Colburn et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- observation
- food record
n = 98
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: U.S.
Colby S: Short Healthy Eating Index (sHEI)
Dietary factors:
- total diet quality
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 22
Validation studies:
Colby et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- full-length HEI calculated from 24-h recall
n = 50
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 35
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: U.S.
Collins B: Immune-modulating nutrients FFQ (IMN-FFQ)
Dietary factors:
- Other (immune-modulating nutrients)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 21
Validation studies:
Collins et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- diet history
n = 106
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Australia
Combet E
Dietary factors:
- iodine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Combet et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- diet records
- FFQ
- biomarkers - urine iodine
n = 43
Study population:
Age: Adults 19 to 49
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Majority white
Country/location: United Kingdom
Condo D: Iodine-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire (I-FFQ)
Dietary factors:
- iodine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 44
Validation studies:
Condo et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
- biomarkers - urinary iodine
- thyroid function markers
n = 96
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 41
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia (Adelaide)
Cook A: Five-item questionnaire for vegetable
Dietary factors:
- vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 5
Validation studies:
Cook et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 109
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 39
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Cook A: Single Question (SQ) for Fruit
Dietary factors:
- fruits
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 1
Validation studies:
Cook et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 109
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 39
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Cook A: Single Question (SQ) for Vegetable
Dietary factors:
- vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 1
Validation studies:
Cook et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 109
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 39
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Cooper M: Sodium AnaLysis Tool (SALT)
Dietary factors:
- salt
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 42
Validation studies:
Cooper et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recall
n = 100
Study population:
Age: Adults 19 years or older
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Canada
Couris R: Vitamin K Intake Assessment Card (K-Card)
Dietary factors:
- vitamin K
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 54
Validation studies:
Couris et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
- Weighed food records
- Biomarker - Plasma phylloquinone concentrations
n = 36
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Cramer-Nielsen A: Short web-based sugar-rich food screener
Dietary factors:
- sugar
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Cramer-Nielsen et al, 2022
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Reference tool(s):
- record
n = <100
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Denmark
Crawford SA: DHA Food Frequency Questionnaire (DHA-FFQ)
Dietary factors:
- fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 7
Validation studies:
Crawford et al, 2022
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Reference tool(s):
- diet history
- biologic
n = >200
Study population:
Age: Adults Only
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Caucasian
Country/location: U.S.
Crespo Escobar P
Dietary factors:
- gluten
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Crespo Escobar et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- Food records
n = 141
Study population:
Age: Children 7 to 12 months
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain (Valencia)
Crespo Escobar P
Dietary factors:
- gluten
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 26
Validation studies:
Crespo Escobar et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- Food records
n = 246
Study population:
Age: Children 13 to 36 months
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain (Valencia)
Cullen: Fruit, juice and vegetable (FJV) FFQ
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables (fruits, juice and vegetables)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 24
Validation studies:
Cullen et al, 1999
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 92
Study population:
Age: Adults and children
Gender: Male
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Black
Country/location: U.S.
De Cock N: The quantitative beverage and snack food frequency questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- beverages
- snacks
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 42
Validation studies:
De Cock et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls (3)
n = 99
Study population:
Age: Children 14 to 16
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Belgium (Flanders)
D'Elia L: Dietary salt intake questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- salt
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral
Number of questions/food items: 5
Validation studies:
D'Elia et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
- biologic
n = 1,131
Study population:
Age: Not specified
Gender: Not specified
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Italy
De Giuseppe R: Evaluation Vitamin D dEficieNCy Questionnaire (EVIDENCe-Q)
Dietary factors:
- Other (vitamin d)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: <20
Validation studies:
De Giuseppe et al, 2022
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Reference tool(s):
- biologic
n = 150
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Italy
Dennison B: Child Dietary Fat Questionnaire (CDFQ)
Dietary factors:
- dietary fat (total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Dennison et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
- Dietary records
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 91
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Devenish G: Study of Mothers' and Infants' Life Events Food Frequency Questionnaire (SMILE-FFQ)
Dietary factors:
- sugars
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 89
Validation studies:
Devenish et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- recalls
n = 97
Study population:
Age: Adults (parents with a child between 18 and 30 months)
Gender: Predominantly female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Dickinson KM: Marine Omega-3 FFQ (MFQ)
Dietary factors:
- omega-3 fatty acids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 9
Validation studies:
Dickinson et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 108
Study population:
Age: Adults (mean 67)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Do Amaral RC
Dietary factors:
- cariogenic foods: sugar
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 11
Validation studies:
Do Amaral et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls
n = 87
Study population:
Age: Adolescents
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Brazil (Piracicaba)
Dunn S: FFQ to measure inulin and oligofructose
Dietary factors:
- inulin and oligofructose
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 23
Validation studies:
Dunn et al, 2011
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day food diary
n = 66
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: United Kingdom
Eaton DK: CDC's Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) Fruit and Vegetable Intake Questions and Alternative Questions
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 6; 6; 2
Validation studies:
Eaton et al, 2013
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls
n = 615
Study population:
Age: Children 9th to 12th grade
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
England CY: UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire (UKDDQ)
Dietary factors:
- Other
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 25
Validation studies:
England et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- Food record
n = 151
Study population:
Age: Adults 30 to 70
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly white British
Country/location: United Kingdom (Southwest England)
Fausnacht AG: BEVQ-15
Dietary factors:
- beverages: 15 beverage categories, total sugar-sweetened beverages, total beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 32
Validation studies:
Fausnacht et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recall
n = 50
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: U.S. (Virginia)
Fernandez S: Latino Dietary Behaviors Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- healthy dietary changes
- artificial sweeteners in drinks
- number of meals per day
- fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 13
Validation studies:
Fernandez at al, 2011
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recall
n = 252
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Spanish-speaking Caribbean Latinos
Country/location: U.S. (Massachusetts)
Fialkowski MK: Shellfish assessment survey
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- shellfish
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 62
Validation studies:
Fialkowski et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
- Food record
- FFQ
n = 500
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Native Americans
Country/location: U.S.
Field AE: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) questionaire
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 6
Validation studies:
Field et al, 1998
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- Harvard FFQ
n = 120
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Field AE: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 4
Validation studies:
Field et al, 1998
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- Harvard FFQ
n = 120
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Flood VM
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- lean meat
- processed meat
- take-away food
- snack foods
- potato crisps and confectionery
- soft drinks/cordials
- juice
- milk
- water
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Flood et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day food records
n = 77
Study population:
Age: Children 2 to 5
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia (Sydney)
Fowke JH
Dietary factors:
- cruciferous vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 37
Validation studies:
Fowke et al, 2002
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- Biomarker - Urinary concentrations of dithiocarbamate
n = 33
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Frankenfeld CL
Dietary factors:
- soy
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 40
Validation studies:
Frankenfeld et al, 2002
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Reference tool(s):
- Biomarkers - plasma isoflavone concentration
n = 77
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Frankenfeld CL: Soy FFQ
Dietary factors:
- soy isoflavones
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Frankenfeld et al, 2003
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Reference tool(s):
- Biomarker - plasma isoflavone concentration
n = 96
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (94%)
Country/location: U.S.
Frappier I: Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17)
Dietary factors:
- other (eating behaviors)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 20 - 40
Validation studies:
Frappier et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recall
- Behavioral questionnaire
n = 162
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Canada (French speaking population)
French MR
Dietary factors:
- phytoestrogen
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 53
Validation studies:
French et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
- Biomarker - Urinary concentrations of metabolites
n = 26
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: White
Country/location: Canada
Gadowski A.M: Australian Short Dietary Screener (Aus-SDS)
Dietary factors:
- vegetables
- fruits
- legumes and beans
- cereals
- protein sources and dairy sources
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 6
Validation studies:
Gadowski et al, 2020
Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recall
n = 100
Study population:
Age: Adults 70 years old or older
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Gallani M: Salt Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-Na)
Dietary factors:
- sodium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 53
Validation studies:
Gallani et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
- biologic
n = 100-200
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Country/location: Canada
Ganji V
Dietary factors:
- vitamin D
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Ganji et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = 62
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Qatar
Gans KM: Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment (REAP)
Dietary factors:
- whole grains
- calcium-rich foods
- fruits and vegetables
- fat
- saturated fat and cholesterol
- sugar-containing foods and beverages
- sodium
- alcoholic beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 27
Validation studies:
Gans et al, 2006
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 94
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (94%)
Country/location: U.S.
García-Conesa MT: 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (14-MEDAS)
Dietary factors:
- Mediterranean diet
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 14
Validation studies:
García-Conesa et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = 402
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: Multiple countries (Portugal, Cyprus, Greece, Rep. of North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Spain)
Gilsing A: Short Diet Questionnaire (SDQ)
Dietary factors:
- fats
- fiber
- calcium
- vitamin D
- whole grains
- calcium-fortified foods and beverages
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 30
Validation studies:
Gilsing et al, 2018
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls
n = 232
Study population:
Age: Adults 45+
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Canada
Gioia S: Survey questions for food timing
Dietary factors:
- food timing
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Other
Number of questions/food items: 2
Validation studies:
Gioia et al, 2022
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = 249
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Asian and Caucasian
Country/location: U.S.
Giovannelli J
Dietary factors:
- multiple food groups
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 24
Validation studies:
Giovannelli et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day record
- Biomarkers on subsample
n = 2,630
Study population:
Age: Adults 35 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: France
Głąbska D: Folate-Intake Calculation-Food Frequency Questionnaire (Fol-IC-FFQ)
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 25
Validation studies:
Głąbska et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day records
n = 75
Study population:
Age: Adults 20 to 30
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Poland (Warsaw)
Głąbska D: IODINE-FFQ
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- Iodine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 44
Validation studies:
Głąbska et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- records
n = 90
Study population:
Age: Adults 20 to 35
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Poland
Głąbska D: Iron Intake Calculation Food Frequency Questionnaire (IRONIC-FFQ)
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- iron
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 32
Validation studies:
Głąbska et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day record
n = 75
Study population:
Age: Adults 20 to 30
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Poland
Głąbska D: Magnesium FFQ (Mg-FFQ)
Dietary factors:
- other (magnesium)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 39
Validation studies:
Głąbska et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = 75
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Poland
Głąbska D: Vitamin D Estimation Only - Food Frequency Questionnaire (VIDEO-FFQ)
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- vitamin D
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Głąbska et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- food records
n = 75
Study population:
Age: Adults 20 to 30
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Poland (Warsaw)
Głąbska D: Zinc Intake Calculation-Food Frequency Questionnaire (ZINC-FFQ)
Dietary factors:
- zinc
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 46
Validation studies:
Głąbska et al, 2018
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-d records
n = 90
Study population:
Age: Adults 20-35
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Poland
Göktaş Z: MEDFICTS
Dietary factors:
- fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: <20
Validation studies:
Göktaş et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = 442
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Caucasian
Country/location: Turkey
Goodman S: Vitamin D Calculator
Dietary factors:
- vitamin D
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: 3 days of record
Validation studies:
Goodman et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- Three 24-hour recalls
n = 50
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 25
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White, Asian, other
Country/location: Canada (Ontario)
Grady A: Short Food Survey–Early Childhood Education and Care (SFS-ECEC)
Dietary factors:
- food group intake and food choices over the past 1 month
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 47
Validation studies:
Grady et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- Direct observation based upon Dietary Observation for Child Care (DOCC)
n = 195
Study population:
Age: 2-5 years of age (adapted specifically for use in child care settings)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Greene GW: NCI fruits and vegetables screener
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Greene et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- Biomarkers - Serum carotenoids
n = 590
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Hakim IA: Arizona Tea Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- black tea polyphenols
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Hakim et al, 2001
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Reference tool(s):
- Arizona FFQ
- Food records
n = 120
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (>90%)
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Hamd NF: Beverages and Snacks Questionnaire for Schoolchildren (BSQ-C)
Dietary factors:
- sugar sweetened beverages and snacks
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 7
Validation studies:
Hamd et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recall
n = 99
Study population:
Age: Children 10 to 11
Gender: Not specified
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Malaysia
Harnack LJ: Calcium FFQ
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Harnack et al, 2006
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 248
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Harrison S: Dietary screener for carbohydrate intake
Dietary factors:
- carbohydrates
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 14
Validation studies:
Harrison et al, 2018
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 175
Study population:
Age: Adults 30 to 60
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Canada
Healey G: Dietary Fibre Intake Short Food Frequency Questionnaire (DFI-FFQ)
Dietary factors:
- fiber
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 5
Validation studies:
Healey et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 52
Study population:
Age: Adults 19 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: New Zealand (Palmerston North)
Hedrick VE: Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ)
Dietary factors:
- beverages
- sugar-sweetened beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19; 15; 15; 15
Validation studies:
Hedrick et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
- 4-day food diary
n = 105
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White
Country/location: U.S. (Virginia)
Hedrick et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls
n = 70
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 93
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S. (Virginia)
Hooper et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- recalls (3)
n = 273
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 and older
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S. (Virginia)
Hill et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- recalls
n = 326
Study population:
Age: Children 6 to 18
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Primarily white
Country/location: U.S. (New River Valley, VA)
Hemiö K
Dietary factors:
- fats
- sucrose
- fiber
- vitamin C
- iron
- vitamin D
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ and Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Hemiö et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day food record
n = 77
Study population:
Age: Adults (mean 45 for men and 43 for women)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Finland
Hendrie GA
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- milk type
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 3
Validation studies:
Hendrie et al, 2013
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Reference tool(s):
- Two 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 4,487
Study population:
Age: Children 2 to 16
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Hendrie GA: Short Food Survey
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- breads and cereals
- meat and alternatives
- dairy
- beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 38
Validation studies:
Hendrie et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- Three 24-hour recalls
n = 63
Study population:
Age: Children 4 to 11
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia (Adelaide)
Herran OF: Alcohol Frequency Questionnaire A
Dietary factors:
- alcohol
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Alcohol Frequency Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 53
Validation studies:
Herran et al, 2006
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Reference tool(s):
- 30-day alcohol intake records
n = 109
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Colombia
Herran OF: Alcohol Frequency Questionnaire B
Dietary factors:
- alcohol
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Alcohol Frequency Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 5
Validation studies:
Herran et al, 2006
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Reference tool(s):
- 30-day alcohol intake records
n = 109
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Colombia
Hickling S: Folate Intake Tool (FIT)
Dietary factors:
- folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Hickling et al, 2005
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Reference tool(s):
- Biomarker - serum folate concentration
n = 568
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Hoeylaerts S: Methyl-Group Donor FFQ
Dietary factors:
- folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: >40
Validation studies:
Hoeylaerts et al, 2022
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = <100
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Belgium
Hopman EG: FQ-Gluten
Dietary factors:
- gluten
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 68
Validation studies:
Hopman et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
- 2-day Food records
n = 87
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Netherlands
Huang YC: Simplified food frequency questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- food group patterns
- grain
- dairy
- meat
- fish
- egg
- soy
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 37
Validation studies:
Huang et al, 2011
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recall
- biomarkers
n = 81 (recalls); 1473 (biomarkers)
Study population:
Age: Adults (65 and older)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Fukienese, Hakka, Mainlander, Aboriginal
Country/location: Taiwan
Hung A: Calcium Assessment Tool
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Hung et al, 2011
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day food record
n = 348
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: White, Asian, African-Canadian, Other
Country/location: Canada (greater Toronto area)
Hunsberger M: Block Kids Food Screener
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- dairy
- whole grains
- protein sources
- saturated fat
- added sugar
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 41
Validation studies:
Hunsberger et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- three 24-hour recalls
n = 99
Study population:
Age: Children 10 to 17
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S. (Portland, Oregon)
Ingram MA: New Zealand PUFA FFQ
Dietary factors:
- polyunsaturated fatty acids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 36
Validation studies:
Ingram et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day weighed record
n = 42
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: White
Country/location: New Zealand
Itkonen ST
Dietary factors:
- vitamin D
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 98
Validation studies:
Itkonen et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- Food record, biomarkers
n = 29 to 67
Study population:
Age: Adults 20 to 37
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Finland
Jilcott SB: Modified dietary risk assessment
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- fat
- fiber
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Index
Number of questions/food items: 54
Validation studies:
Jilcott et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
- Biomarker - serum carotenoids
n = 94 validated with FFQ; 200 validated with biomarkers
Study population:
Age: Adults 40 to 64
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S. (North Carolina)
Other references:
Johnson F: Adolescent Food Habits Checklist
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- healthy eating behaviors
- fruits and vegetables
- energy-dense foods
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 23
Validation studies:
Johnson et al, 2002
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Reference tool(s):
- Dietary instrument for nutrition education
- Dutch eating behavior questionnaire
- Nutrition knowledge questionnaire
- Household affluence
n = 1,822
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (90%)
Country/location: United Kingdom (England)
Julián Almárcegui C
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Julián Almárcegui et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- Two 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 141
Study population:
Age: Children (adolescents)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain
Kanoni S: Zinc food frequency in ZINCAGE
Dietary factors:
- zinc
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 53
Validation studies:
Kanoni et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 105
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Europe
Keating GA: Meat frequency questionnaire (MFQ)
Dietary factors:
- heterocyclic amines
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 12
Validation studies:
Keating et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
- Block FFQ
n = 314
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Male
Race/ethnicity: Black
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Kent K: Kent & Charlton Flavonoid FFQ
Dietary factors:
- flavonoids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 93
Validation studies:
Kent et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- 4-day food record
n = 42
Study population:
Age: Older adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Khan NC
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 36
Validation studies:
Khan et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 140
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Vietnam
Kiwanuka SN
Dietary factors:
- sugar snacks
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Checklist
Number of questions/food items: 8
Validation studies:
Kiwanuka et al, 2006
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Reference tool(s):
- 5-day food behavior checklist
n = 614
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Uganda
Koo HC
Dietary factors:
- whole grains
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 156
Validation studies:
Koo et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- Three-day food record
n = 392; 112; 50
Study population:
Age: Children 9 to 12
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: Malaysia
Kris-Etherton P: MEDFICTS (Meat, Eggs, Dairy, Fried foods, In baked goods, Convenient foods, fats added at the Table and Snacks)
Dietary factors:
- fats (total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Kris-Etherton et al, 2001
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day food records
n = 48
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Not specified
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Kristal AR: 5-A-DAY questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 7
Validation studies:
Kristal et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 260
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Kruseman M: Score d'Alimentation Saine (SCASA)
Dietary factors:
- multiple
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Kruseman et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = 105
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Switzerland
Lane HG: Patterns of Diet at School (PODS) survey
Dietary factors:
- usual intake of breakfast and lunch foods (other)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ, Behavioral
Number of questions/food items: 10-175
Validation studies:
Lane et al, 2018
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Reference tool(s):
- records
n = 58
Study population:
Age: Children 3rd, 6th, and 9th graders
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Laviolle B
Dietary factors:
- saturated fatty acids
- mono-unsaturated fatty acids
- poly-unsaturated fatty acids
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 14
Validation studies:
Laviolle et al, 2005
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day dietary history
- Biomarkers - Plasma fatty acid concentrations; Plasma folate concentration
n = 205
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: France
Lean MEJ: Dietary Targets Monitor
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- fish
- starchy foods
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 9
Validation studies:
Lean et al, 2003
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ (Scottish Heart Health Study FFQ)
n = 1,085
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: United Kingdom (Scotland)
Leppälä J: Index of Diet Quality
Dietary factors:
- whole grain foods
- fat-containing foods
- vegetables, fruits, and berries
- sugar-rich foods
- dairy
- supplements
- meal pattern
- alcohol
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 55
Validation studies:
Leppälä J et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day food diary
n = 103
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Finland
Lillegaard ITL
Dietary factors:
- high-fat foods
- high-sugar foods
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 23
Validation studies:
Lillegaard et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
- 4-day pre-coded food record
n = 1,637
Study population:
Age: Children (9-year-olds and 13-year-olds)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Norway
Ling AM
Dietary factors:
- cereals
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Ling et al, 1998
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 70
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Singapore
Luevano-Contreras C
Dietary factors:
- dietary advanced glycation end products
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 90
Validation studies:
Luevano-Contreras et al, 2013
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day food record
n = 20
Study population:
Age: Adults (mean 57)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Luftimas D: Iron-Food Frequency Questionnaire (Iron-FFQ)
Dietary factors:
- iron
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Luftimas et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = 94
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Asian/Pacific Islander
Country/location: Indonesia
Magarey A: Children's Dietary Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- fat from dairy
- sweetened beverages
- non-core foods
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 28
Validation studies:
Magarey et al, 2009
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Reference tool(s):
- Checklist
n = 706
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Magkos F
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 30
Validation studies:
Magkos et al, 2006
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recall
n = 1,001
Study population:
Age: Adults and children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Greece
Other references:
Mainvil LA
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 5-item and 12-item (2 fruit questionnaires); 5-item and 15-item (2 vegetable questionnaires)
Validation studies:
Mainvil et al, 2011
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Reference tool(s):
- Dietary history
n = 100
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Largely European
Country/location: New Zealand
Marcotte L: Calcium checklist
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Checklist
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Marcotte et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recall
n = 42
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Marshall T: Iowa Flouride study Targeted Nutrient Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- fluoride intake
- beverages
- calcium
- vitamin D
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 22
Validation studies:
Marshall et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day diaries
n = 223
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (98%)
Country/location: U.S.
Martínez-Tomé M: Nutrition Screener Initiative Checklist (NSI)
Dietary factors:
- nutritional status of Alzheimer's patients
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Martínez-Tomé et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recall
n = 25
Study population:
Age: Adults 63 to 91
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic
Country/location: Spain
Mason B: Scored Sodium Questionnaire (SSQ)
Dietary factors:
- sodium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Mason et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour urine sodium (biologic)
- 1-day food record
- Diet history
n = 34
Study population:
Age: Adults 26 to 97
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Mearns GJ: B12FFQ
Dietary factors:
- vitamin B12
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 30
Validation studies:
Mearns et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- serum B12
- holotranscobalamin
n = 60
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 50
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: South Asian
Country/location: New Zealand (Auckland)
Mina K
Dietary factors:
- fish
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 50
Validation studies:
Mina et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
- Biomarker - blood Omega 3 fatty acids concentrations
n = 91
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: Australia
Other references:
Mohammadifard N: Sodium FFQ
Dietary factors:
- sodium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: >40
Validation studies:
Mohammadifard et al, 2022
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Reference tool(s):
- recall
- biologic
n = >200
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Middle Eastern
Country/location: Iran
Montomoli M: Calcium FFQ
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 15
Validation studies:
Montomoli et al, 2002
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Reference tool(s):
- 14-day food record
n = 206
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: White
Country/location: Italy
Mora Mendoza A: Control of Food Intake, Protein, and Anthropometry (CIPA) nutritional screening
Dietary factors:
- malnutrition
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Mora Mendoza et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 227
Study population:
Age: Median age of 67
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic
Country/location: Spain
Mori N
Dietary factors:
- other (isothiocyanate)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 56
Validation studies:
Mori et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
- biomarker
n = 255
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Asian/Pacific Islander
Country/location: Japan
Mori N
Dietary factors:
- other (polyphenols)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 138
Validation studies:
Mori et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = 215
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Asian/Pacific Islander
Country/location: Japan
Morin P
Dietary factors:
- protein
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Morin et al, 2005
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Reference tool(s):
- Food diary
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 72
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Switzerland
Morino GS: NutricheQ Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- dietary inbalances
- vitamin D
- iron
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 11
Validation studies:
Morino et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- Food record
n = 201
Study population:
Age: Children 1 to 3
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Italy
Mukherjee M
Dietary factors:
- multiple factors
- fat
- vitamin A
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 21
Validation studies:
Mukherjee et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- diet history
n = 112
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Australia
Mukherjee M: Anti-inflammatory micronutrient FFQ
Dietary factors:
- other (anti-inflammatory micronutrients)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 21
Validation studies:
Mukherjee et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- diet history
n = 112
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Australia
Mumena WA
Dietary factors:
- sugar
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 41
Validation studies:
Mumena et al, 2022
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Reference tool(s):
- recall
n = 424
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Middle Eastern
Country/location: Saudi Arabia
Murphy S: Food Behavior Checklist
Dietary factors:
- fat
- fruits and vegetables
- fiber
- dairy
- salt
- diet quality
- food security
- food expediture
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Checklist
Number of questions/food items: 39
Validation studies:
Murphy et al, 2001
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- Biomarker - serum carotenoids
n = 100
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Myers EA: Artificial Sweetner (Non-nutritive Sweetener) Intake Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- artificial sweeteners
- non-nutritive sweeteners
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 50
Validation studies:
Myers et al, 2018
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Reference tool(s):
- 3 24-hr recalls
n = 125
Study population:
Age: Adults 18-86
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Caucasian, Other
Country/location: U.S. (Southwest Virginia)
Nelson MC
Dietary factors:
- beverage and fast food intake
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 22
Validation studies:
Nelson et al, 2009
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 59
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White
Country/location: U.S.
Neuhouser ML
Dietary factors:
- fat (percentage energy from fat and saturated fat)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 13
Validation studies:
Neuhouser et al, 1999
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- FFQ
n = 146
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Male
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (95%)
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Neuhouser ML: Beverage and snack questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- soft drinks
- salty snacks
- sweets
- milk
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Neuhouser et al, 2009
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Reference tool(s):
- 4-day food records
n = 46
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Nishida Y
Dietary factors:
- other (energy)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: diet history questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 58
Validation studies:
Nishida et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- biologic
n = 33
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Male only
Race/ethnicity: Asian/Pacific Islander
Country/location: Japan
Notario-Barandiaran L
Dietary factors:
- vitamin A/carotenoids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 104
Validation studies:
Notario-Barandiaran et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- biomarkers
n = 122
Study population:
Age: Children (0-17) Only
Gender: Male only
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic
Country/location: Spain
Okada C
Dietary factors:
- sodium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Okada et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- developed a model for predicting sodium intake from nationally representative survey data
n = 6,172
Study population:
Age: Adults ages 20 and above
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Asian
Country/location: Japan
O'Malley Olsen E
Dietary factors:
- beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 9
Validation studies:
O'Malley Olsen et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- Multiple 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 610
Study population:
Age: Children (high school students)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White, black, Hispanic
Country/location: U.S.
Ong AM
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 51
Validation studies:
Ong et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- recalls
n = 108
Study population:
Age: Adults ≥ 50
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Canada (Montreal)
Ong SH: Paediatric Nutrition Screening Tool (PNST)
Dietary factors:
- Other (Nutritional Risk)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 4
Validation studies:
Ong et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 100
Study population:
Age: Children (0-17) Only
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Asian/Pacific Islander
Country/location: Malaysia
Owens JE
Dietary factors:
- folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 21
Validation studies:
Owens et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
- Biomarker - RBC folate
- Block FFQ
n = 370
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Papadaki A
Dietary factors:
- legumes
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 5
Validation studies:
Papadaki et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
- 7d-food diary
n = 51
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: White
Country/location: United Kingdom (Scotland)
Pauwels S
Dietary factors:
- methyl-group donors
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 51
Validation studies:
Pauwels et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- Records
n = 80
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 35
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Belgium (Flanders)
Paxton AE: Starting the Conversation
Dietary factors:
- healthy dietary patterns
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 8
Validation studies:
Paxton et al, 2011
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Reference tool(s):
- Screener
n = 463
Study population:
Age: Adults 25 to 75
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple (American Indian/Alaskan, Asian, Black/African American, White, Hispanic ethnicity)
Country/location: U.S. (Colorado)
Pellegrini N
Dietary factors:
- antioxidants (total antioxidant capacity)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 53
Validation studies:
Pellegrini et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
- 3d-weighed food records
n = 285
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Italy
Pestitschek M
Dietary factors:
- selenium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 15
Validation studies:
Pestitschek et al, 2013
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Reference tool(s):
- Whole blood selenium
n = 212
Study population:
Age: Adults and children 15 to 87
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Austria (Vienna)
Petrovic D: Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Questionnaire on caffeinated beverages
Dietary factors:
- caffeine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 3
Validation studies:
Petrovic et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- biomarker
n = 657
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Switzerland (Lausanne, Geneva, and Bern)
Plaete J: Fruit Test
Dietary factors:
- fruits
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Plaete et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- Food record
n = 58
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Belgium
Plaete J: Vegetable Test
Dietary factors:
- vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 13
Validation studies:
Plaete et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- Food record
n = 58
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Belgium
Prochaska JJ: Fruit and vegetable brief
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 2
Validation studies:
Prochaska et al, 2004
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day food records
n = 138
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Rachmah Q
Dietary factors:
- sugars
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 49
Validation studies:
Rachmah et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = 106
Study population:
Age: Children (0-17) Only
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Asian/Pacific Islander
Country/location: Indonesia
Rasch LA: Short Calcium Intake List (SCaIL)
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 3
Validation studies:
Rasch et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- Diet history
n = 66
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 and older
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: The Netherlands (Amersterdam)
Rasmussen LB
Dietary factors:
- iodine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 53
Validation studies:
Rasmussen et al, 2001
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Reference tool(s):
- 4-day dietary records
- Biomarker - 24-hour urine excretion
n = 254
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Denmark
Reeves MM: Fat and Fibre Behaviour Questionnaire (FFBQ)
Dietary factors:
- fat
- fiber
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Reeves et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 420
Study population:
Age: Adults > 30
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia (Queensland)
Whelan et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recall
n = 90
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 75
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Australia (Brisbane, Queensland)
Resincow K
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 2
Validation studies:
Resincow et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- Biomarker - serum carotenoids
n = 1,006
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Black
Country/location: U.S.
Resincow K
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 7
Validation studies:
Resincow et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- Biomarker - serum carotenoids
n = 994
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Black
Country/location: U.S.
Resincow K
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 36
Validation studies:
Resincow et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- Biomarker - serum carotenoids
n = 1,002
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Black
Country/location: U.S.
Rifas-Shiman: PrimeScreen
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- whole grains
- dairy
- fish
- red meats
- fatty foods
- vitamins and supplements
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 25
Validation studies:
Rifas-Shiman et al, 2001
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Reference tool(s):
- 131-item FFQ
- Biomarkers - plasma alpha tocopherol, beta carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin
n = 160
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Rijnaarts I: FiberScreen
Dietary factors:
- fiber
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 18
Validation studies:
Rijnaarts et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 87
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Netherlands
Risica PM: SisterTalk Food Habits Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- behavior (fat-related eating behaviors)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 95
Validation studies:
Risica et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 72
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Black
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Roach LA: Polyunsaturated Food Frequency Questionnaire (PUFA FFQ)
Dietary factors:
- polyunsaturated fatty acids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Roach et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recall
n = 32
Study population:
Age: Average of 73 years old
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Rohrmann S: Short questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- fats (total fat, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids & cholesterol)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Rohrmann et al, 2003
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 244
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Germany
Other references:
Rudolph E: Caffeine assessment tool (CAT)
Dietary factors:
- caffeine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Rudolph et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day food record
- Caffeine saliva concentrations
n = 51
Study population:
Age: Adults 21 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Austria
Sam CHY: Short Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Nutrient Intake of New Zealand Adults
Dietary factors:
- food group and subgroup intake
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 57
Validation studies:
Sam et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- diet record
- select biomarkers
n = 151
Study population:
Age: Adults 30 to 59
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: New Zealand
Samman S: Zinc-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- zinc
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 74
Validation studies:
Samman et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day weighed food diary
n = 22
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Sarbagili-Shabat C: Processed foods frequency questionnaire (PFQ)
Dietary factors:
- processed foods
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Sarbagili-Shabat et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
- urine sodium biomarkers
n = 86
Study population:
Age: Adults ages 18 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Israel
Satia JA: Household food inventory
Dietary factors:
- behavior (fat-related dietary behavior)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 14
Validation studies:
Satia et al, 2001
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Reference tool(s):
- Diet Habit Questionnaire
- Change in high fat consumption scale
- Western dietary acculturation scale
- Behavioral questionnaire
n = 244
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Asian
Country/location: U.S. and Canada
Savage J: Feeding to Manage Child Behavior Questionnaire (FMCBQ)
Dietary factors:
- child feeding behavior
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Savage et al, 2022
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Reference tool(s):
- Behavioral questionnaire
n = >200
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: U.S.
Savija N: Short Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ)
Dietary factors:
- multiple components
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 50
Validation studies:
Savija et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 13
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Male
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: Canada
Schlundt DG: Eating Behavior Patterns Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 51
Validation studies:
Schlundt et al, 2003
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 278
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Black
Country/location: U.S.
Schröder H: Brief Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS)
Dietary factors:
- diet quality
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 15
Validation studies:
Schröder et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 102
Study population:
Age: Adults (median 58.6)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain
Schröder H: Mediterranean Adherence Screener (er-MEDAS)
Dietary factors:
- multiple
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Schröder et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 6,760
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic
Country/location: Spain
Schröder H: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener
Dietary factors:
- Mediterranean diet
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ and Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 14
Validation studies:
Schröder et al, 2011
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 7,146
Study population:
Age: Adults 55 to 80
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain
Hebestreit et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
- biologic (serum beta carotene, fatty acid profile)
n = 66
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 75
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Germany (Kiel, Cologne, and Munich)
Papadaki et al, 2018
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-d records
n = 96
Study population:
Age: Adults 55 to 80
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Caucasian, Other
Country/location: United Kingdom (Bristol)
Schröder H: Short Diet Quality Screener (sDQS)
Dietary factors:
- diet quality
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 18
Validation studies:
Schröder et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 102
Study population:
Age: Adults (median 58.6)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain
Sebring NG: Calcium questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 87
Validation studies:
Sebring et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day food records
n = 341
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Sebring NG: Short calcium questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 25
Validation studies:
Sebring et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day food records
n = 341
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Segal-Isaacson: Shortened Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment (REAP-S)
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- whole grains
- fat
- sugar
- sodium beverages
- selected food groups
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Segal-Isaacson et al, 2004
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ (Block 1998 FFQ)
n = 110
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Serdula M: BRFSS fruits and vegetable module
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 6
Validation studies:
Serdula et al, 1993
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recall
- Diet records
n = 1,079
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Serra-Majem L
Dietary factors:
- alcohol
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 13
Validation studies:
Serra-Majem et al, 2002
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- 7-day food records
- FFQ
n = 93
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain
Shen W
Dietary factors:
- omega-3 index
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 35
Validation studies:
Shen et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
- biologic
n = 108
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S. (North Carolina)
Shiraishi M: Brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- eicosapentaenoic fatty acid and docosahexaenoic fatty acid
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 58
Validation studies:
Shiraishi et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- Biomarkers – plasma DHA, plasma EPA
n = 207
Study population:
Age: Adults 20 and older
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Japan (Tokyo)
Smith BA: OsteoCalc
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 70
Validation studies:
Smith et al, 1999
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Reference tool(s):
- Health Habits and History Questionnaire
- Oregon calcium score sheet
- FFQ
n = 91
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (97%)
Country/location: U.S.
Smith K: Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Heath (CATCH) Food Checklist (CFC)
Dietary factors:
- fat
- sodium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Checklist
Number of questions/food items: 40
Validation studies:
Smith et al, 2001
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recall
n = 365
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Smith LP: China Beverage Validation Study beverage screener
Dietary factors:
- beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Smith et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day 24-hour recall, record assisted
n = 110
Study population:
Age: Adults (mean 30)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: China (Shanghai)
Söderberg L
Dietary factors:
- vitamin D
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Söderberg et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- records
- other
n = 28
Study population:
Age: Children 5 to 7
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Sweden
Sotos-Prieto M: Mediterranean Lifestyle index (MEDLIFE)
Dietary factors:
- Mediterranean lifestyle
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 22
Validation studies:
Sotos-Prieto et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 196
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain (Madrid)
Spencer EH: Healthy doc diet screener
Dietary factors:
- fat
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 43
Validation studies:
Spencer et al, 2005
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 88
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Spoon M: Food Habits Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- behaviors (fat-related behaviors)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 24
Validation studies:
Spoon et al, 2002
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Reference tool(s):
- 4-day food records
n = 178
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Sublette ME
Dietary factors:
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 21
Validation studies:
Sublette et al, 2011
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Reference tool(s):
- biologic - plasma PUFA assay
n = 61
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 73
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S. (New York)
Wilson et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- biologic - whole blood PUFAs
n = 58
Study population:
Age: College-aged adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Majority non-Hispanic white
Country/location: U.S.
Sullivan BL
Dietary factors:
- polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 28
Validation studies:
Sullivan et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day weighed food records
n = 53
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Svensson Å
Dietary factors:
- energy
- multiple nutrients and food groups
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 39
Validation studies:
Svensson et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- DLW (biologic)
- FFQ
n = 65
Study population:
Age: Adults (median 29)
Gender: Women
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Sweden (Umea)
Taguchi C: Short-form FFQ for Polyphenol Intake
Dietary factors:
- other (polyphenols)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 12; 66
Validation studies:
Taguchi et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = 60
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Asian/Pacific Islander
Country/location: Japan
Tan LM
Dietary factors:
- iodine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 49
Validation studies:
Tan et al, 2013
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour diet recalls
- biomarker - urinary iodine
n = 84
Study population:
Age: Adults 60 to 95
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia (New South Wales)
Tang D: Short dietary questionnaire for age-related macular degeneration (SDQ-AMD)
Dietary factors:
- purpose is to screen for inadequate food intake
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 36
Validation studies:
Tang et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
- longer FFQ
n = 155
Study population:
Age: 86 individuals below age 80. 69 individuals age 80 and above
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Thompson FE: CHIS 2005 2-factor screener (NCI)
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- added sugars
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 11
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2009
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls
n = 7,954
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Thompson FE: NCI All-day screener
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 9
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2002
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls
- FFQ
n = 240
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Thompson FE: NCI By-meal screener
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 13; 14
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2002
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls
- FFQ
n = 222
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Janse VAN Rensburg et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- Field Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
- Serum carotenoids
n = 81
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: South Africa
Other references:
Thompson FE: NCI Fat screener
Dietary factors:
- fat (energy from fat)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- FFQ
n = 404
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Thompson FE: NCI Multifactor screener
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- energy from fat and fiber
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2004
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- FFQ
n = 1,362
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Thompson FE: NCI new F&V screener
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls
- FFQ
n = 438
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Thompson FE: NCI standard F&V screener
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 7
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls
- FFQ
n = 436
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Thompson FE: NHIS 5-factor screener (NCI)
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
- added sugar
- fiber
- calcium and dairy servings
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2009
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 28,948
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Townsend MS: Focus on Veggies
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Townsend et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- recall
- biomarkers
n = 133
Study population:
Age: Young children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S. (California)
Trame S
Dietary factors:
- zinc
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 18
Validation studies:
Trame et al, 2018
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Reference tool(s):
- biological (blood, urine)
- 2 24-hr recalls
n = 71
Study population:
Age: Adults 18-55
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Germany
Tseng LY
Dietary factors:
- Other (calcium)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 6
Validation studies:
Tseng et al, 2021
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 127
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Asian/Pacific Islander
Country/location: China
Van Assema P: Fat list
Dietary factors:
- fats
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 35
Validation studies:
Van Assema et al, 2001
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day diet records
n = 95
Study population:
Age: Adults and children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Netherlands
Vandelanotte C: Computerized fat intake questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 48
Validation studies:
Vandelanotte et al, 2004
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day diet records
n = 86
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Belgium
Other references:
Van den Heuvel M: Dutch Sweet Eating Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- sweets
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 26
Validation studies:
Van den Heuvel et al, 2011
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls
n = 138
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Assume white (note: post-bariatric surgery patients)
Country/location: Netherlands
Vanderlee L: Beverage Frequency Questionnaire (BFQ)
Dietary factors:
- sugar-sweetened beverages
- free sugar drinks
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Vanderlee et al, 2018
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day records
- single-item FFQ
n = 50
Study population:
Age: Adults and children 16 to 30
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: Canada
Vereecken CA
Dietary factors:
- calcium
- fiber
- less healthy items
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Record and checklist
Number of questions/food items: 15
Validation studies:
Vereecken et al, 2003
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Reference tool(s):
- Food diary
- 24-hour food behavior checklist
n = 7,173
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Belgium
Vian I
Dietary factors:
- polyphenols
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 52
Validation studies:
Vian et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour
- record
- urinary polyphenols
n = 120
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Brazil
Ward KD: Rapid assessment method (RAM)
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Checklist
Number of questions/food items: 5
Validation studies:
Ward et al, 2004
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Reference tool(s):
- 6-day diet records
n = 76
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (97%)
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Wardenaar FC: Food and fluid exercise questionnaire (FFEQ)
Dietary factors:
- food and fluids consumed during exercise
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 25
Validation studies:
Wardenaar et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
- direct observation
n = 58
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Netherlands
Watkins S: Vitamin D FFQ
Dietary factors:
- Other (vitamin d)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: >40
Validation studies:
Watkins et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- food record
n = 50
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: United Kingdom
Weir RR
Dietary factors:
- vitamin D
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Weir et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
- Food record, biomarker
n = 49
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 64
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Ireland
Wenhold FA: Modified MEDFICTS
Dietary factors:
- fats
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Wenhold et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day record
- Biomarkers on subsample
n = 93
Study population:
Age: Children aged 12
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White
Country/location: South Africa
Wiens L: SmartDiet Canadian Version Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- fiber
- fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Wiens et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-day food diary
n = 54
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White
Country/location: Canada
Wijnhoven HAH: The Protein Screener 55+ (Pro55+)
Dietary factors:
- protein
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Wijnhoven et al, 2018
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
n = 563
Study population:
Age: Adults 55+
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: The Netherlands
Williams AE
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- soy
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 12
Validation studies:
Williams et al, 2003
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
- Biomarker - Urinary isoflavone concentration
n = 199
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Wong A: Scored salt questionnaire (SSQ)
Dietary factors:
- sodium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 9
Validation studies:
Wong et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- biomarkers (24-hour urinary sodium excretion)
n = 75
Study population:
Age: Adults (18-67)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian (validated in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD))
Country/location: Australia
Wong SS: Interactive multimedia computerized FFQ
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 80
Validation studies:
Wong et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recall
n = 161
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Wu Y
Dietary factors:
- iodine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 81
Validation studies:
Wu et al, 2018
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Reference tool(s):
- 3-d record
- 24 hr urine
n = 631
Study population:
Age: Children 7 to 13
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Chinese
Country/location: China (Ningjin and Lingxian counties of the city of Dezhou, in the province of Shandong)
Xu L
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 110
Validation studies:
Xu et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day food records
n = 21
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Chinese
Country/location: China
Yamashita LM: FODMAP FFQ
Dietary factors:
- other (fermentable carbohydrates)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 54
Validation studies:
Yamashita et al, 2020
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recall
n = 105
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic
Country/location: Brazil
Yang M
Dietary factors:
- antioxidants
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 74
Validation studies:
Yang et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
- 30-day food records
- Plasma antioxidants
n = 60
Study population:
Age: Adults (college students 18 to 25)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White, black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander
Country/location: U.S. (Storrs, Connecticut)
Yang YJ: Brief Calcium Assessment Tool
→ View or download this instrument
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 15
Validation studies:
Yang et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
- Biomarkers - Bone mineral content
n = 745
Study population:
Age: Adolescents
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Asian, Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White
Country/location: U.S.
Yaroch AL: 2-item cup fruit and vegetable screener
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 2
Validation studies:
Yaroch et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 244
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White, Black
Country/location: U.S.
Yaroch AL: 2-item serving fruit and vegetable screener
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 2
Validation studies:
Yaroch et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 244
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White, Black
Country/location: U.S.
Yaroch AL: 8-item fruit and vegetable screener
Dietary factors:
- fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 8
Validation studies:
Yaroch et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 244
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White, Black
Country/location: U.S.
Yaroch AL: Qualitative dietary fat Index questionnaire (QFQ)
Dietary factors:
- fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Index
Number of questions/food items: 18
Validation studies:
Yaroch et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 57
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Black
Country/location: U.S.
Yeak ZW: Malaysia Lipid Study-Food Frequency Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 240
Validation studies:
Yeak et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- Food record
n = 114
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Asian/Pacific Islander
Country/location: Malaysia
Yue Y
Dietary factors:
- Other (flavonoids)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 152
Validation studies:
Yue et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
- Food record
n = >200
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: U.S.
Zalaket J
Dietary factors:
- antioxidants
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 34
Validation studies:
Zalaket et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
- recall
n = 50
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Lebanon
Zekovic M: Folate-Food Frequency Questionnaire (F-FFQ)
Dietary factors:
- folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 90
Validation studies:
Zekovic et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- 24-hour recalls (3)
- biomarkers (folate concentration in serum and RBCs)
n = 503
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 49
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Serbian
Country/location: Serbia
Zemel BS: Calcium Counts! Food Frequency Questionnaire
Dietary factors:
- calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 41
Validation studies:
Zemel et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
- 7-day weighed records
n = 139
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: African-American, non-AA (mostly white)
Country/location: U.S.
Zhang AC: Clinical Omega-3 Dietary Survey (CODS)
Dietary factors:
- omega-3 fatty acids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 35
Validation studies:
Zhang et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
- FFQ
- biologic
n = 40
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Zhang Y: Food Web Questionnaire (FWQ)
Dietary factors:
- Fruit and vegetable intake
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 8
Validation studies:
Zhang et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- recall
- other
n = 109
Study population:
Age: Children 8 to 12
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S. (St. Paul and Minneapolis, MN)
Zhang Y: Plate Activity Questionnaire (PAQ)
Dietary factors:
- Fruit and vegetable intake
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 1
Validation studies:
Zhang et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
- recall
- other
n = 109
Study population:
Age: Children 8 to 12
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S. (St. Paul and Minneapolis, MN)
Zhou SJ: Iron-specific checklist
Dietary factors:
- iron
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: Checklist
Number of questions/food items: 65
Validation studies:
Zhou et al, 2005
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Reference tool(s):
- Diet history
n = 54
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia