Search the Register of Validated Short Dietary Assessment Instruments

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Showing 190 instruments. If these results are unexpected, you may wish to consult the instructions.

Affret A

Dietary factors:
  • multiple
  • protein
  • calcium
  • phosphorus
  • potassium
  • sodium
  • carbohydrates and lipids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 49
Validation studies:
Affret et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recalls (6)
n = 127
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: France

Alcantara I: NCI Fat Screener; BRFSS Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Module

Dietary factors:
  • percentage energy from fat
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17; 6
Validation studies:
Alcantara et al, 2014
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 2 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 260
Study population:
Age: Adults 35 to 65
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: African-American
Country/location: U.S. (Georgia)
Related to:

Ambrosini GL

Dietary factors:
  • vitamin A (beta-carotene and retinol)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 43
Validation studies:
Ambrosini et al, 2001
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Reference tool(s):
  • Diet records
n = 76
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Andersen LF

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 27
Validation studies:
Andersen et al, 2002
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Weighed diet records
n = 108
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Male
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Norway

Ansari MR

Dietary factors:
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 78
Validation studies:
Ansari et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
  • 3 24-hour recalls
  • biologic - plasma phospholipids
n = 89
Study population:
Age: Children 6 to 23 months
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Indonesia (East Jakarta)

Angelotti A: Omega-3 Checklist

Dietary factors:
  • omega-3 fatty acids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 29
Validation studies:
Angelotti et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
  • biomarkers
n = 85
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S. (Ohio)

Ashton L: The Fruit And Vegetable VAriety index (FAVVA)

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 35
Validation studies:
Ashton et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
  • biologic
n = 99
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia (New South Wales)

Bacardí-Gascón

Dietary factors:
  • folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 31
Validation studies:
Bacardí-Gascón et al, 2003
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • Weighed food records
  • Biomarker - plasma and RBC folate
n = 104
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic
Country/location: Mexico

Baric IC

Dietary factors:
  • folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 39
Validation studies:
Baric et al, 2009
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Biomarkers - serum and erythrocyte folate and plasma homocysteine
n = 99
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Croatia

Béliard S: NLSChol Questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • dietary fats
  • fruits and vegetables
  • bread and carbohydrates
  • phytosterols
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 11
Validation studies:
Béliard S et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
  • Diet history
n = 53
Study population:
Age: Adults (mean of 58 years +/- 16 years)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: France (Paris)

Bell LK: Toddler Dietary Questionnaire (TDQ)

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • dairy
  • high-fat foods
  • high-sugar foods
  • high-salt foods
  • sweetened beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Bell et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
  • 54-item FFQ
n = 111
Study population:
Age: Children 12 to 36 months
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Birgisdottir BE

Dietary factors:
  • seafood (fish and fish oil)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Birgisdottir et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
  • Food records
n = 56
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Multiple countries (Iceland, Ireland, Spain)
Other references:

Blanton C: Herb/Spices Intake Questionnaire (HSQ)

Dietary factors:
  • herbs and spices
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 28
Validation studies:
Blanton C, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day food records or three telephone-administered 24-h dietary recalls
n = 62
Country/location: USA (Idaho)

Bleiweiss-Sande R: Fueling Learning through Exercise (FLEX) dietary questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • snacks
  • beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 39
Validation studies:
Bleiweiss-Sande et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
  • Screener
n = 63
Study population:
Age: Children (3rd through 5th graders)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S. (Massachusetts)

Block G

Dietary factors:
  • fats
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 22
Validation studies:
Block et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
  • Validated Block FFQ
n = 208
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Bogers RP

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 8
Validation studies:
Bogers et al, 2004
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Reference tool(s):
  • Biomarkers - vitamin C and carotenoids
n = 157
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Netherlands
Other references:

Bully P: Prescribe Healthy Life Screening Questionnaire (Prescribe Vida Saludable; PVS-SQ)

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 12 (2 specifically on diet)
Validation studies:
Bully et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 126
Study population:
Age: Adults and children 10 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain (Basque)

Buscemi S

Dietary factors:
  • energy
  • multiple nutrients
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 18; 36
Validation studies:
Buscemi et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
  • Food record
n = 65
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 79
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Italy (Sicily)

Cantwell M: Meat cooking practice module

Dietary factors:
  • heterocyclic amines
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 23
Validation studies:
Cantwell et al, 2004
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Reference tool(s):
  • Food diaries
n = 165
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Carvalho GQ

Dietary factors:
  • long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 27; 89
Validation studies:
Carvalho et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recall
n = 49
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Chile

Cena H

Dietary factors:
  • carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 30
Validation studies:
Cena et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
  • Dietary records
  • Biomarkers - Plasma concentrations carotenoids
n = 87
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Italy

Cerwinske LA: Mediterranean Eating Pattern for Americans (MEPA) tool

Dietary factors:
  • Mediterranean diet pattern
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Cerwinske et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 70
Study population:
Age: Adults 24 to 79
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S. (Chicago, IL)

Chan SG: Soy FFQ (SFFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • soy isoflavones
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 47
Validation studies:
Chan et al, 2008
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 145
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Chinese
Country/location: China

Charlton KE

→ View or download this instrument

Dietary factors:
  • sodium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 42
Validation studies:
Charlton et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • Biomarkers - 24-hour urinary Na
n = 325
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: South Africa

Cheng Z: Simplified food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • dietary intake
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 50
Validation studies:
Cheng et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
  • food record
n = 239
Study population:
Age: Adults ages 20 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Asian
Country/location: China

Cleghorn CL

Dietary factors:
  • multiple
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Cleghorn et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
  • recall
n = 752
Study population:
Age: Adults 53 to 62
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: England (East Leeds and Bolton)

Colby S: Short Healthy Eating Index (sHEI)

Dietary factors:
  • total diet quality
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 22
Validation studies:
Colby et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
  • full-length HEI calculated from 24-h recall
n = 50
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 35
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: USA

Combet E

Dietary factors:
  • iodine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Combet et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
  • diet records
  • FFQ
  • biomarkers - urine iodine
n = 43
Study population:
Age: Adults 19 to 49
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Majority white
Country/location: United Kingdom

Condo D: Iodine-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire (I-FFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • iodine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 44
Validation studies:
Condo et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
  • food record
  • biomarkers - urinary iodine
  • thyroid function markers
n = 96
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 41
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia (Adelaide)

Cook A: Single Question (SQ) for Fruit

Dietary factors:
  • fruits
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 1
Validation studies:
Cook et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 109
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 39
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Cook A: Single Question (SQ) for Vegetable

Dietary factors:
  • vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 1
Validation studies:
Cook et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 109
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 39
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Cook A: Five-item questionnaire for vegetable

Dietary factors:
  • vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 5
Validation studies:
Cook et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 109
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 39
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Cooper M: Sodium AnaLysis Tool (SALT)

Dietary factors:
  • salt
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 42
Validation studies:
Cooper et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recall
n = 100
Study population:
Age: Adults 19 years or older
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Canada

Couris R: Vitamin K Intake Assessment Card (K-Card)

Dietary factors:
  • vitamin K
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 54
Validation studies:
Couris et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
  • Weighed food records
  • Biomarker - Plasma phylloquinone concentrations
n = 36
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Crespo Escobar P

Dietary factors:
  • gluten
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Crespo Escobar et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
  • Food records
n = 141
Study population:
Age: Children 7 to 12 months
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain (Valencia)

Crespo Escobar P

Dietary factors:
  • gluten
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 26
Validation studies:
Crespo Escobar et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
  • Food records
n = 246
Study population:
Age: Children 13 to 36 months
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain (Valencia)

Cullen: Fruit, juice and vegetable (FJV) FFQ

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables (fruits, juice and vegetables)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 24
Validation studies:
Cullen et al, 1999
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 92
Study population:
Age: Adults and children
Gender: Male
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Black
Country/location: U.S.

De Cock N: The quantitative beverage and snack food frequency questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • beverages
  • snacks
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 42
Validation studies:
De Cock et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recalls (3)
n = 99
Study population:
Age: Children 14 to 16
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Belgium (Flanders)

Dennison B: Child Dietary Fat Questionnaire (CDFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • dietary fat (total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Dennison et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
  • Dietary records
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 91
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.

Devenish G: Study of Mothers' and Infants' Life Events Food Frequency Questionnaire (SMILE-FFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • sugars
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 89
Validation studies:
Devenish et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
  • recalls
n = 97
Study population:
Age: Adults (parents with a child between 18 and 30 months)
Gender: Predominantly female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Dickinson KM: Marine Omega-3 FFQ (MFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • omega-3 fatty acids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 9
Validation studies:
Dickinson et al, 2015
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Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 108
Study population:
Age: Adults (mean 67)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Do Amaral RC

Dietary factors:
  • cariogenic foods: sugar
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 11
Validation studies:
Do Amaral et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recalls
n = 87
Study population:
Age: Adolescents
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Brazil (Piracicaba)

Dunn S: FFQ to measure inulin and oligofructose

Dietary factors:
  • inulin and oligofructose
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 23
Validation studies:
Dunn et al, 2011
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Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day food diary
n = 66
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: United Kingdom

Eaton DK: CDC's Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) Fruit and Vegetable Intake Questions and Alternative Questions

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 6; 6; 2
Validation studies:
Eaton et al, 2013
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recalls
n = 615
Study population:
Age: Children 9th to 12th grade
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.

England CY: UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire (UKDDQ)

Dietary factors:
  • Other
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 25
Validation studies:
England et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
  • Food record
n = 151
Study population:
Age: Adults 30 to 70
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly white British
Country/location: United Kingdom (Southwest England)

Fausnacht AG: BEVQ-15

Dietary factors:
  • beverages: 15 beverage categories, total sugar-sweetened beverages, total beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 32
Validation studies:
Fausnacht et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recall
n = 50
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: USA (Virginia)

Fialkowski MK: Shellfish assessment survey

→ View or download this instrument

Dietary factors:
  • shellfish
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 62
Validation studies:
Fialkowski et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
  • Food record
  • FFQ
n = 500
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Native Americans
Country/location: U.S.

Field AE: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 4
Validation studies:
Field et al, 1998
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • Harvard FFQ
n = 120
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Field AE: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) questionaire

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 6
Validation studies:
Field et al, 1998
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • Harvard FFQ
n = 120
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Flood VM

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • lean meat
  • processed meat
  • take-away food
  • snack foods
  • potato crisps and confectionery
  • soft drinks/cordials
  • juice
  • milk
  • water
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Flood et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day food records
n = 77
Study population:
Age: Children 2 to 5
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia (Sydney)

Fowke JH

Dietary factors:
  • cruciferous vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 37
Validation studies:
Fowke et al, 2002
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • Biomarker - Urinary concentrations of dithiocarbamate
n = 33
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.

Frankenfeld CL

Dietary factors:
  • soy
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 40
Validation studies:
Frankenfeld et al, 2002
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Reference tool(s):
  • Biomarkers - plasma isoflavone concentration
n = 77
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Frankenfeld CL: Soy FFQ

Dietary factors:
  • soy isoflavones
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Frankenfeld et al, 2003
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Biomarker - plasma isoflavone concentration
n = 96
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (94%)
Country/location: U.S.

French MR

Dietary factors:
  • phytoestrogen
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 53
Validation studies:
French et al, 2007
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Reference tool(s):
  • Biomarker - Urinary concentrations of metabolites
n = 26
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: White
Country/location: Canada

Gadowski A.M: Australian Short Dietary Screener (Aus-SDS)

Dietary factors:
  • vegetables
  • fruits
  • legumes and beans
  • cereals
  • protein sources and dairy sources
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 6
Validation studies:
Gadowski et al, 2020
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recall
n = 100
Study population:
Age: Adults 70 years old or older
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Ganji V

Dietary factors:
  • vitamin D
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Ganji et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
  • food record
n = 62
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Qatar

Gans KM: Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment (REAP)

Dietary factors:
  • whole grains
  • calcium-rich foods
  • fruits and vegetables
  • fat
  • saturated fat and cholesterol
  • sugar-containing foods and beverages
  • sodium
  • alcoholic beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 27
Validation studies:
Gans et al, 2006
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Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 94
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (94%)
Country/location: U.S.

García-Conesa MT: 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (14-MEDAS)

Dietary factors:
  • Mediterranean diet
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 14
Validation studies:
García-Conesa et al, 2020
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Reference tool(s):
  • food record
n = 402
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: Multiple countries (Portugal, Cyprus, Greece, Rep. of North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Spain)

Gilsing A: Short Diet Questionnaire (SDQ)

Dietary factors:
  • fats
  • fiber
  • calcium
  • vitamin D
  • whole grains
  • calcium-fortified foods and beverages
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 30
Validation studies:
Gilsing et al, 2018
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recalls
n = 232
Study population:
Age: Adults 45+
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Canada

Giovannelli J

Dietary factors:
  • multiple food groups
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 24
Validation studies:
Giovannelli et al, 2014
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day record
  • Biomarkers on subsample
n = 2,630
Study population:
Age: Adults 35 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: France

Głąbska D: IODINE-FFQ

→ View or download this instrument

Dietary factors:
  • Iodine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 44
Validation studies:
Głąbska et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
  • records
n = 90
Study population:
Age: Adults 20 to 35
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Poland

Głąbska D: Iron Intake Calculation Food Frequency Questionnaire (IRONIC-FFQ)

→ View or download this instrument

Dietary factors:
  • iron
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 32
Validation studies:
Głąbska et al, 2017
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day record
n = 75
Study population:
Age: Adults 20 to 30
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Poland

Głąbska D: Vitamin D Estimation Only - Food Frequency Questionnaire (VIDEO-FFQ)

→ View or download this instrument

Dietary factors:
  • vitamin D
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Głąbska et al, 2016
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • food records
n = 75
Study population:
Age: Adults 20 to 30
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Poland (Warsaw)

Głąbska D: Folate-Intake Calculation-Food Frequency Questionnaire (Fol-IC-FFQ)

→ View or download this instrument

Dietary factors:
  • folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 25
Validation studies:
Głąbska et al, 2017
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day records
n = 75
Study population:
Age: Adults 20 to 30
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Poland (Warsaw)

Głąbska D: Zinc Intake Calculation-Food Frequency Questionnaire (ZINC-FFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • zinc
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 46
Validation studies:
Głąbska et al, 2018
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-d records
n = 90
Study population:
Age: Adults 20-35
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Poland

Grady A: Short Food Survey–Early Childhood Education and Care (SFS-ECEC)

Dietary factors:
  • food group intake and food choices over the past 1 month
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 47
Validation studies:
Grady et al, 2020
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Direct observation based upon Dietary Observation for Child Care (DOCC)
n = 195
Study population:
Age: 2-5 years of age (adapted specifically for use in child care settings)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Greene GW: NCI fruits and vegetables screener

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Greene et al, 2008
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • Biomarkers - Serum carotenoids
n = 590
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Hakim IA: Arizona Tea Questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • black tea polyphenols
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Hakim et al, 2001
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Arizona FFQ
  • Food records
n = 120
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (>90%)
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Hamd NF: Beverages and Snacks Questionnaire for Schoolchildren (BSQ-C)

Dietary factors:
  • sugar sweetened beverages and snacks
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 7
Validation studies:
Hamd et al, 2019
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recall
n = 99
Study population:
Age: Children 10 to 11
Gender: Not specified
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Malaysia

Harnack LJ: Calcium FFQ

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Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Harnack et al, 2006
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 248
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Harrison S: Dietary screener for carbohydrate intake

Dietary factors:
  • carbohydrates
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 14
Validation studies:
Harrison et al, 2018
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 175
Study population:
Age: Adults 30 to 60
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Canada

Healey G: Dietary Fibre Intake Short Food Frequency Questionnaire (DFI-FFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • fiber
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 5
Validation studies:
Healey et al, 2016
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 52
Study population:
Age: Adults 19 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: New Zealand (Palmerston North)

Hedrick VE: Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ)

Dietary factors:
  • beverages
  • sugar-sweetened beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19; 15; 15; 15
Validation studies:
Hedrick et al, 2010
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 4-day food diary
n = 105
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White
Country/location: U.S. (Virginia)
Hedrick et al, 2012
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recalls
n = 70
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 93
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S. (Virginia)
Hooper et al, 2016
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • recalls (3)
n = 273
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 and older
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S. (Virginia)
Hill et al, 2017
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • recalls
n = 326
Study population:
Age: Children 6 to 18
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Primarily white
Country/location: U.S. (New River Valley, VA)

Hemiö K

Dietary factors:
  • fats
  • sucrose
  • fiber
  • vitamin C
  • iron
  • vitamin D
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ and Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Hemiö et al, 2014
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day food record
n = 77
Study population:
Age: Adults (mean 45 for men and 43 for women)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Finland

Hendrie GA

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • milk type
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 3
Validation studies:
Hendrie et al, 2013
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Two 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 4,487
Study population:
Age: Children 2 to 16
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Hendrie GA: Short Food Survey

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • breads and cereals
  • meat and alternatives
  • dairy
  • beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 38
Validation studies:
Hendrie et al, 2014
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Three 24-hour recalls
n = 63
Study population:
Age: Children 4 to 11
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia (Adelaide)

Hickling S: Folate Intake Tool (FIT)

Dietary factors:
  • folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Hickling et al, 2005
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Biomarker - serum folate concentration
n = 568
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Hopman EG: FQ-Gluten

Dietary factors:
  • gluten
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 68
Validation studies:
Hopman et al, 2007
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 2-day Food records
n = 87
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Netherlands

Huang YC: Simplified food frequency questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • food group patterns
  • grain
  • dairy
  • meat
  • fish
  • egg
  • soy
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 37
Validation studies:
Huang et al, 2011
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recall
  • biomarkers
n = 81 (recalls); 1473 (biomarkers)
Study population:
Age: Adults (65 and older)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Fukienese, Hakka, Mainlander, Aboriginal
Country/location: Taiwan

Hung A: Calcium Assessment Tool

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Hung et al, 2011
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day food record
n = 348
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: White, Asian, African-Canadian, Other
Country/location: Canada (greater Toronto area)

Hunsberger M: Block Kids Food Screener

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • dairy
  • whole grains
  • protein sources
  • saturated fat
  • added sugar
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 41
Validation studies:
Hunsberger et al, 2015
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • three 24-hour recalls
n = 99
Study population:
Age: Children 10 to 17
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S. (Portland, Oregon)

Ingram MA: New Zealand PUFA FFQ

Dietary factors:
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 36
Validation studies:
Ingram et al, 2012
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day weighed record
n = 42
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: White
Country/location: New Zealand

Itkonen ST

Dietary factors:
  • vitamin D
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 98
Validation studies:
Itkonen et al, 2016
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Food record, biomarkers
n = 29 to 67
Study population:
Age: Adults 20 to 37
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Finland

Julián Almárcegui C

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Julián Almárcegui et al, 2015
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Two 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 141
Study population:
Age: Children (adolescents)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain

Kanoni S: Zinc food frequency in ZINCAGE

Dietary factors:
  • zinc
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 53
Validation studies:
Kanoni et al, 2010
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 105
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Europe

Keating GA: Meat frequency questionnaire (MFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • heterocyclic amines
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 12
Validation studies:
Keating et al, 2007
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Block FFQ
n = 314
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Male
Race/ethnicity: Black
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Kent K: Kent & Charlton Flavonoid FFQ

Dietary factors:
  • flavonoids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 93
Validation studies:
Kent et al, 2017
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 4-day food record
n = 42
Study population:
Age: Older adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Khan NC

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 36
Validation studies:
Khan et al, 2008
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 140
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Vietnam

Koo HC

Dietary factors:
  • whole grains
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 156
Validation studies:
Koo et al, 2020
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Three-day food record
n = 392; 112; 50
Study population:
Age: Children 9 to 12
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: Malaysia

Kris-Etherton P: MEDFICTS (Meat, Eggs, Dairy, Fried foods, In baked goods, Convenient foods, fats added at the Table and Snacks)

Dietary factors:
  • fats (total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Kris-Etherton et al, 2001
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day food records
n = 48
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Not specified
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Kristal AR: 5-A-DAY questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 7
Validation studies:
Kristal et al, 2000
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 260
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Lane HG: Patterns of Diet at School (PODS) survey

Dietary factors:
  • usual intake of breakfast and lunch foods (other)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ, Behavioral
Number of questions/food items: 10-175
Validation studies:
Lane et al, 2018
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • records
n = 58
Study population:
Age: Children 3rd, 6th, and 9th graders
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: US

Laviolle B

Dietary factors:
  • saturated fatty acids
  • mono-unsaturated fatty acids
  • poly-unsaturated fatty acids
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 14
Validation studies:
Laviolle et al, 2005
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day dietary history
  • Biomarkers - Plasma fatty acid concentrations; Plasma folate concentration
n = 205
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: France

Lean MEJ: Dietary Targets Monitor

→ View or download this instrument

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • fish
  • starchy foods
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 9
Validation studies:
Lean et al, 2003
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ (Scottish Heart Health Study FFQ)
n = 1,085
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Scotland

Leppälä J: Index of Diet Quality

Dietary factors:
  • whole grain foods
  • fat-containing foods
  • vegetables, fruits, and berries
  • sugar-rich foods
  • dairy
  • supplements
  • meal pattern
  • alcohol
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 55
Validation studies:
Leppälä J et al, 2010
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day food diary
n = 103
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Finland

Lillegaard ITL

Dietary factors:
  • high-fat foods
  • high-sugar foods
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 23
Validation studies:
Lillegaard et al, 2012
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 4-day pre-coded food record
n = 1,637
Study population:
Age: Children (9-year-olds and 13-year-olds)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Norway

Ling AM

Dietary factors:
  • cereals
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Ling et al, 1998
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 70
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Singapore

Luevano-Contreras C

Dietary factors:
  • dietary advanced glycation end products
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 90
Validation studies:
Luevano-Contreras et al, 2013
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day food record
n = 20
Study population:
Age: Adults (mean 57)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.

Mainvil LA

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 5-item and 12-item (2 fruit questionnaires); 5-item and 15-item (2 vegetable questionnaires)
Validation studies:
Mainvil et al, 2011
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Dietary history
n = 100
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Largely European
Country/location: New Zealand

Magarey A: Children's Dietary Questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • fat from dairy
  • sweetened beverages
  • non-core foods
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 28
Validation studies:
Magarey et al, 2009
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Checklist
n = 706
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Magkos F

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 30
Validation studies:
Magkos et al, 2006
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recall
n = 1,001
Study population:
Age: Adults and children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Greece
Other references:

Marshall T: Iowa Flouride study Targeted Nutrient Questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • fluoride intake
  • beverages
  • calcium
  • vitamin D
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 22
Validation studies:
Marshall et al, 2008
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day diaries
n = 223
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (98%)
Country/location: U.S.

Martínez-Tomé M: Nutrition Screener Initiative Checklist (NSI)

Dietary factors:
  • nutritional status of Alzheimer's patients
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Martínez-Tomé et al, 2020
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recall
n = 25
Study population:
Age: Adults 63 to 91
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic
Country/location: Spain

Mason B: Scored Sodium Questionnaire (SSQ)

Dietary factors:
  • sodium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Mason et al, 2014
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour urine sodium (biologic)
  • 1-day food record
  • Diet history
n = 34
Study population:
Age: Adults 26 to 97
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Mearns GJ: B12FFQ

Dietary factors:
  • vitamin B12
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 30
Validation studies:
Mearns et al, 2017
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • serum B12
  • holotranscobalamin
n = 60
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 50
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: South Asian
Country/location: New Zealand (Auckland)

Mina K

Dietary factors:
  • fish
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 50
Validation studies:
Mina et al, 2007
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Biomarker - blood Omega 3 fatty acids concentrations
n = 91
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: Australia
Other references:

Montomoli M: Calcium FFQ

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 15
Validation studies:
Montomoli et al, 2002
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 14-day food record
n = 206
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: White
Country/location: Italy

Mora Mendoza A: Control of Food Intake, Protein, and Anthropometry (CIPA) nutritional screening

Dietary factors:
  • malnutrition
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Mora Mendoza et al, 2019
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 227
Study population:
Age: Median age of 67
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic
Country/location: Spain

Morin P

Dietary factors:
  • protein
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Morin et al, 2005
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Food diary
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 72
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Switzerland

Morino GS: NutricheQ Questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • dietary inbalances
  • vitamin D
  • iron
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 11
Validation studies:
Morino et al, 2015
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Food record
n = 201
Study population:
Age: Children 1 to 3
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Italy

Myers EA: Artificial Sweetner (Non-nutritive Sweetener) Intake Questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • artificial sweeteners
  • non-nutritive sweeteners
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 50
Validation studies:
Myers et al, 2018
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3 24-hr recalls
n = 125
Study population:
Age: Adults 18-86
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Caucasian, Other
Country/location: USA (Southwest Virginia)

Nelson MC

Dietary factors:
  • beverage and fast food intake
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 22
Validation studies:
Nelson et al, 2009
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 59
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White
Country/location: U.S.

Neuhouser ML

Dietary factors:
  • fat (percentage energy from fat and saturated fat)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 13
Validation studies:
Neuhouser et al, 1999
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • FFQ
n = 146
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Male
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (95%)
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Neuhouser ML: Beverage and snack questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • soft drinks
  • salty snacks
  • sweets
  • milk
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 19
Validation studies:
Neuhouser et al, 2009
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 4-day food records
n = 46
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Okada C

Dietary factors:
  • sodium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Okada et al, 2020
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • developed a model for predicting sodium intake from nationally representative survey data
n = 6,172
Study population:
Age: Adults ages 20 and above
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Asian
Country/location: Japan

O'Malley Olsen E

Dietary factors:
  • beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 9
Validation studies:
O'Malley Olsen et al, 2014
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Multiple 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 610
Study population:
Age: Children (high school students)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White, black, Hispanic
Country/location: U.S.

Ong AM

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 51
Validation studies:
Ong et al, 2017
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • recalls
n = 108
Study population:
Age: Adults ≥ 50
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Canada (Montreal)

Owens JE

Dietary factors:
  • folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 21
Validation studies:
Owens et al, 2007
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Biomarker - RBC folate
  • Block FFQ
n = 370
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Papadaki A

Dietary factors:
  • legumes
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 5
Validation studies:
Papadaki et al, 2007
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 7d-food diary
n = 51
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: White
Country/location: Scotland

Pauwels S

Dietary factors:
  • methyl-group donors
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 51
Validation studies:
Pauwels et al, 2015
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Records
n = 80
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 35
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Belgium (Flanders)

Pellegrini N

Dietary factors:
  • antioxidants (total antioxidant capacity)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 53
Validation studies:
Pellegrini et al, 2007
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3d-weighed food records
n = 285
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Italy

Pestitschek M

Dietary factors:
  • selenium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 15
Validation studies:
Pestitschek et al, 2013
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Whole blood selenium
n = 212
Study population:
Age: Adults and children 15 to 87
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Austria (Vienna)

Petrovic D: Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Questionnaire on caffeinated beverages

Dietary factors:
  • caffeine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 3
Validation studies:
Petrovic et al, 2016
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • biomarker
n = 657
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Switzerland (Lausanne, Geneva, and Bern)

Plaete J: Fruit Test

Dietary factors:
  • fruits
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Plaete et al, 2016
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Food record
n = 58
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Belgium

Plaete J: Vegetable Test

Dietary factors:
  • vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 13
Validation studies:
Plaete et al, 2016
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Food record
n = 58
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Belgium

Prochaska JJ: Fruit and vegetable brief

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 2
Validation studies:
Prochaska et al, 2004
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day food records
n = 138
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Rasch LA: Short Calcium Intake List (SCaIL)

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 3
Validation studies:
Rasch et al, 2017
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Diet history
n = 66
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 and older
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: The Netherlands (Amersterdam)

Rasmussen LB

Dietary factors:
  • iodine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 53
Validation studies:
Rasmussen et al, 2001
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 4-day dietary records
  • Biomarker - 24-hour urine excretion
n = 254
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Denmark

Resincow K

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 7
Validation studies:
Resincow et al, 2000
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • Biomarker - serum carotenoids
n = 994
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Black
Country/location: U.S.

Resincow K

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 2
Validation studies:
Resincow et al, 2000
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • Biomarker - serum carotenoids
n = 1,006
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Black
Country/location: U.S.

Resincow K

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 36
Validation studies:
Resincow et al, 2000
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • Biomarker - serum carotenoids
n = 1,002
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Black
Country/location: U.S.

Rifas-Shiman: PrimeScreen

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • whole grains
  • dairy
  • fish
  • red meats
  • fatty foods
  • vitamins and supplements
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 25
Validation studies:
Rifas-Shiman et al, 2001
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 131-item FFQ
  • Biomarkers - plasma alpha tocopherol, beta carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin
n = 160
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Roach L.A: Polyunsaturated Food Frequency Questionnaire (PUFA FFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Roach et al, 2020
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recall
n = 32
Study population:
Age: Average of 73 years old
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Rohrmann S: Short questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • fats (total fat, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids & cholesterol)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Rohrmann et al, 2003
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 244
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Germany
Other references:

Rudolph E: Caffeine assessment tool (CAT)

Dietary factors:
  • caffeine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Rudolph et al, 2012
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day food record
  • Caffeine saliva concentrations
n = 51
Study population:
Age: Adults 21 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Austria

Sam CHY: Short Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Nutrient Intake of New Zealand Adults

Dietary factors:
  • food group and subgroup intake
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 57
Validation studies:
Sam et al, 2020
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • diet record
  • select biomarkers
n = 151
Study population:
Age: Adults 30 to 59
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: New Zealand

Samman S: Zinc-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • zinc
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 74
Validation studies:
Samman et al, 2010
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day weighed food diary
n = 22
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Sarbagili-Shabat C: Processed foods frequency questionnaire (PFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • processed foods
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Validation studies:
Sarbagili-Shabat et al, 2020
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • food record
  • urine sodium biomarkers
n = 86
Study population:
Age: Adults ages 18 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Israel

Schröder H: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener

Dietary factors:
  • Mediterranean diet
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ and Behavioral Questionnaire
Number of questions/food items: 14
Validation studies:
Schröder et al, 2011
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 7,146
Study population:
Age: Adults 55 to 80
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain
Hebestreit et al, 2017
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
  • biologic (serum beta carotene, fatty acid profile)
n = 66
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 75
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Germany (Kiel, Cologne, and Munich)
Papadaki et al, 2018
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-d records
n = 96
Study population:
Age: Adults 55 to 80
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Caucasian, Other
Country/location: UK (Bristol)

Schröder H: Short Diet Quality Screener (sDQS)

Dietary factors:
  • diet quality
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 18
Validation studies:
Schröder et al, 2012
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 102
Study population:
Age: Adults (median 58.6)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain

Schröder H: Brief Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS)

Dietary factors:
  • diet quality
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 15
Validation studies:
Schröder et al, 2012
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 102
Study population:
Age: Adults (median 58.6)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain

Sebring NG: Short calcium questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 25
Validation studies:
Sebring et al, 2007
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day food records
n = 341
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Sebring NG: Calcium questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 87
Validation studies:
Sebring et al, 2007
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day food records
n = 341
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Segal-Isaacson: Shortened Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment (REAP-S)

→ View or download this instrument

Dietary factors:
  • whole grains
  • fat
  • sugar
  • sodium beverages
  • selected food groups
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Segal-Isaacson et al, 2004
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ (Block 1998 FFQ)
n = 110
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Serdula M: BRFSS fruits and vegetable module

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 6
Validation studies:
Serdula et al, 1993
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recall
  • Diet records
n = 1,079
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Serra-Majem L

Dietary factors:
  • alcohol
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 13
Validation studies:
Serra-Majem et al, 2002
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • 7-day food records
  • FFQ
n = 93
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain

Shen W

Dietary factors:
  • omega-3 index
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 35
Validation studies:
Shen et al, 2019
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • biologic
n = 108
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S. (North Carolina)

Shiraishi M: Brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • eicosapentaenoic fatty acid and docosahexaenoic fatty acid
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 58
Validation studies:
Shiraishi et al, 2015
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Biomarkers – plasma DHA, plasma EPA
n = 207
Study population:
Age: Adults 20 and older
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Japan (Tokyo)

Smith BA: OsteoCalc

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 70
Validation studies:
Smith et al, 1999
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Health Habits and History Questionnaire
  • Oregon calcium score sheet
  • FFQ
n = 91
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (97%)
Country/location: U.S.

Smith LP: China Beverage Validation Study beverage screener

Dietary factors:
  • beverages
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Smith et al, 2014
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day 24-hour recall, record assisted
n = 110
Study population:
Age: Adults (mean 30)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: China (Shanghai)

Söderberg L

Dietary factors:
  • vitamin D
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Söderberg et al, 2017
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • records
  • other
n = 28
Study population:
Age: Children 5 to 7
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Sweden

Sotos-Prieto M: Mediterranean Lifestyle index (MEDLIFE)

Dietary factors:
  • Mediterranean lifestyle
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 22
Validation studies:
Sotos-Prieto et al, 2015
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 196
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Spain (Madrid)

Spencer EH: Healthy doc diet screener

Dietary factors:
  • fat
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 43
Validation studies:
Spencer et al, 2005
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 88
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Sublette ME

Dietary factors:
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 21
Validation studies:
Sublette et al, 2011
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • biologic - plasma PUFA assay
n = 61
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 73
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S. (New York)
Wilson et al, 2016
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • biologic - whole blood PUFAs
n = 58
Study population:
Age: College-aged adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Majority non-Hispanic white
Country/location: U.S.

Sullivan BL

Dietary factors:
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 28
Validation studies:
Sullivan et al, 2008
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day weighed food records
n = 53
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia

Svensson Å

Dietary factors:
  • energy
  • multiple nutrients and food groups
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 39
Validation studies:
Svensson et al, 2014
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • DLW (biologic)
  • FFQ
n = 65
Study population:
Age: Adults (median 29)
Gender: Women
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Sweden (Umea)

Tan LM

Dietary factors:
  • iodine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 49
Validation studies:
Tan et al, 2013
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour diet recalls
  • biomarker - urinary iodine
n = 84
Study population:
Age: Adults 60 to 95
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia (New South Wales)

Tang D: Short dietary questionnaire for age-related macular degeneration (SDQ-AMD)

Dietary factors:
  • purpose is to screen for inadequate food intake
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 36
Validation studies:
Tang et al, 2019
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • longer FFQ
n = 155
Study population:
Age: 86 individuals below age 80. 69 individuals age 80 and above
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian

Thompson FE: NCI Fat screener

Dietary factors:
  • fat (energy from fat)
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2007
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • FFQ
n = 404
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:
Related to:

Thompson FE: NCI Multifactor screener

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • energy from fat and fiber
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2004
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • FFQ
n = 1,362
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Thompson FE: NCI By-meal screener

→ View or download this instrument

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 13; 14
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2002
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recalls
  • FFQ
n = 222
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Janse VAN Rensburg et al, 2016
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • Field Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
  • Serum carotenoids
n = 81
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian
Country/location: South Africa
Other references:

Thompson FE: NCI All-day screener

→ View or download this instrument

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 9
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2002
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recalls
  • FFQ
n = 240
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Thompson FE: NCI standard F&V screener

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 7
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2000
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recalls
  • FFQ
n = 436
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Thompson FE: NCI new F&V screener

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 16
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2000
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recalls
  • FFQ
n = 438
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Thompson FE: NHIS 5-factor screener (NCI)

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • added sugar
  • fiber
  • calcium and dairy servings
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 20
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2009
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 28,948
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Thompson FE: CHIS 2005 2-factor screener (NCI)

→ View or download this instrument

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
  • added sugars
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 11
Validation studies:
Thompson et al, 2009
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recalls
n = 7,954
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Hispanic
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Townsend MS: Focus on Veggies

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Townsend et al, 2016
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • recall
  • biomarkers
n = 133
Study population:
Age: Young children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S. (California)

Trame S

Dietary factors:
  • zinc
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 18
Validation studies:
Trame et al, 2018
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • biological (blood, urine)
  • 2 24-hr recalls
n = 71
Study population:
Age: Adults 18-55
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Germany

Van Assema P: Fat list

Dietary factors:
  • fats
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 35
Validation studies:
Van Assema et al, 2001
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day diet records
n = 95
Study population:
Age: Adults and children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Netherlands

Vandelanotte C: Computerized fat intake questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 48
Validation studies:
Vandelanotte et al, 2004
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day diet records
n = 86
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Belgium
Other references:

Vanderlee L: Beverage Frequency Questionnaire (BFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • sugar-sweetened beverages
  • free sugar drinks
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Vanderlee et al, 2018
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day records
  • single-item FFQ
n = 50
Study population:
Age: Adults and children 16 to 30
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: Canada

Vian I

Dietary factors:
  • polyphenols
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 52
Validation studies:
Vian et al, 2015
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour
  • record
  • urinary polyphenols
n = 120
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Brazil

Wardenaar FC: Food and fluid exercise questionnaire (FFEQ)

Dietary factors:
  • food and fluids consumed during exercise
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 25
Validation studies:
Wardenaar et al, 2019
Look up this article
Reference tool(s):
  • direct observation
n = 58
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 65
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Netherlands

Wenhold FA: Modified MEDFICTS

Dietary factors:
  • fats
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Wenhold et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day record
  • Biomarkers on subsample
n = 93
Study population:
Age: Children aged 12
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White
Country/location: South Africa

Wiens L: SmartDiet Canadian Version Questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • fiber
  • fat
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Wiens et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
  • 3-day food diary
n = 54
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Mostly White
Country/location: Canada

Weir RR

Dietary factors:
  • vitamin D
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 17
Validation studies:
Weir et al, 2016
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Reference tool(s):
  • Food record, biomarker
n = 49
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 64
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Ireland

Williams AE

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Dietary factors:
  • soy
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 12
Validation studies:
Williams et al, 2003
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
  • Biomarker - Urinary isoflavone concentration
n = 199
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.
Other references:

Wijnhoven HAH: The Protein Screener 55+ (Pro55+)

Dietary factors:
  • protein
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 10
Validation studies:
Wijnhoven et al, 2018
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Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
n = 563
Study population:
Age: Adults 55+
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: The Netherlands

Wong SS: Interactive multimedia computerized FFQ

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 80
Validation studies:
Wong et al, 2008
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recall
n = 161
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Multiple
Country/location: U.S.

Wu Y

Dietary factors:
  • iodine
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 81
Validation studies:
Wu et al, 2018
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Reference tool(s):
  • 3-d record
  • 24 hr urine
n = 631
Study population:
Age: Children 7 to 13
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Chinese
Country/location: China (Ningjin and Lingxian counties of the city of Dezhou, in the province of Shandong)

Xu L

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 110
Validation studies:
Xu et al, 2000
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Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day food records
n = 21
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Chinese
Country/location: China

Yang M

Dietary factors:
  • antioxidants
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 74
Validation studies:
Yang et al, 2014
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Reference tool(s):
  • 30-day food records
  • Plasma antioxidants
n = 60
Study population:
Age: Adults (college students 18 to 25)
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White, black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander
Country/location: U.S. (Storrs, Connecticut)

Yang YJ: Brief Calcium Assessment Tool

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Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 15
Validation studies:
Yang et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
  • Biomarkers - Bone mineral content
n = 745
Study population:
Age: Adolescents
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Asian, Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White
Country/location: U.S.

Yaroch AL: 2-item cup fruit and vegetable screener

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 2
Validation studies:
Yaroch et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 244
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White, Black
Country/location: U.S.

Yaroch AL: 2-item serving fruit and vegetable screener

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 2
Validation studies:
Yaroch et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 244
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White, Black
Country/location: U.S.

Yaroch AL: 8-item fruit and vegetable screener

Dietary factors:
  • fruits and vegetables
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 8
Validation studies:
Yaroch et al, 2012
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour dietary recalls
n = 244
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: White, Black
Country/location: U.S.

Zalaket J

Dietary factors:
  • antioxidants
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 34
Validation studies:
Zalaket et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
  • recall
n = 50
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Lebanon

Zekovic M: Folate-Food Frequency Questionnaire (F-FFQ)

Dietary factors:
  • folate
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 90
Validation studies:
Zekovic et al, 2017
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Reference tool(s):
  • 24-hour recalls (3)
  • biomarkers (folate concentration in serum and RBCs)
n = 503
Study population:
Age: Adults 18 to 49
Gender: Female
Race/ethnicity: Serbian
Country/location: Serbia

Zemel BS: Calcium Counts! Food Frequency Questionnaire

Dietary factors:
  • calcium
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 41
Validation studies:
Zemel et al, 2010
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Reference tool(s):
  • 7-day weighed records
n = 139
Study population:
Age: Children
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: African-American, non-AA (mostly white)
Country/location: U.S.

Zhang AC: Clinical Omega-3 Dietary Survey (CODS)

Dietary factors:
  • omega-3 fatty acids
Instrument description:
Questionnaire format: FFQ
Number of questions/food items: 35
Validation studies:
Zhang et al, 2019
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Reference tool(s):
  • FFQ
  • biologic
n = 40
Study population:
Age: Adults
Gender: Both
Race/ethnicity: Not specified
Country/location: Australia
Last Updated: 24 Jul, 2020