Register of Validated Short Dietary Assessment Instruments

Reference tool(s):

24-hour recalls (6)

n = 127

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: France

Alcantara I: NCI Fat Screener; BRFSS Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Module

Dietary factors:

percentage energy from fat
fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 17; 6

Validation studies:

Alcantara et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

2 24-hour dietary recalls

n = 260

Study population:

Age: Adults 35 to 65

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: African-American

Country/location: U.S. (Georgia)

Related to:

Thompson FE: NCI Fat screener

Ambrosini GL

Dietary factors:

vitamin A (beta-carotene and retinol)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 43

Validation studies:

Ambrosini et al, 2001

Reference tool(s):

Diet records

n = 76

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Andersen LF

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
fat

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 27

Validation studies:

Andersen et al, 2002

Reference tool(s):

Weighed diet records

n = 108

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Male

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Norway

Ansari MR

Dietary factors:

polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 78

Validation studies:

Ansari et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

3 24-hour recalls
biologic - plasma phospholipids

n = 89

Study population:

Age: Children 6 to 23 months

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Indonesia (East Jakarta)

Bacardí-Gascón

Dietary factors:

folate

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 31

Validation studies:

Bacardí-Gascón et al, 2003

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
Weighed food records
Biomarker - plasma and RBC folate

n = 104

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Hispanic

Country/location: Mexico

Baric IC

Dietary factors:

folate

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 39

Validation studies:

Baric et al, 2009

Reference tool(s):

Biomarkers - serum and erythrocyte folate and plasma homocysteine

n = 99

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Croatia

Béliard S: NLSChol Questionnaire

Dietary factors:

dietary fats
fruits and vegetables
bread and carbohydrates
phytosterols

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 11

Validation studies:

Béliard S et al, 2012

Reference tool(s):

Diet history

n = 53

Study population:

Age: Adults (mean of 58 years +/- 16 years)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: France (Paris)

Bell LK: Toddler Dietary Questionnaire (TDQ)

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
dairy
high-fat foods
high-sugar foods
high-salt foods
sweetened beverages

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 19

Validation studies:

Bell et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

54-item ffq

n = 111

Study population:

Age: Children 12 to 36 months

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Birgisdottir BE

Dietary factors:

seafood (fish and fish oil)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 10

Validation studies:

Birgisdottir et al, 2008

Reference tool(s):

Food records

n = 56

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Multiple countries (Iceland, Ireland, Spain)

Other references:

Thorsdottir et al

Bleiweiss-Sande R: Fueling Learning through Exercise (FLEX) dietary questionnaire

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
snacks
beverages

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 39

Validation studies:

Bleiweiss-Sande et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

Screener

n = 63

Study population:

Age: Children (3rd through 5th graders)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: U.S. (Massachusetts)

Block G

Dietary factors:

fats
fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 22

Validation studies:

Block et al, 2000

Reference tool(s):

Validated Block FFQ

n = 208

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

Satia et al

Bogers RP

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 8

Validation studies:

Bogers et al, 2004

Reference tool(s):

Biomarkers - vitamin C and carotenoids

n = 157

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Netherlands

Other references:

Van Assema et al

Bully P: Prescribe Healthy Life Screening Questionnaire (Prescribe Vida Saludable; PVS-SQ)

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 12 (2 specifically on diet)

Validation studies:

Bully et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

n = 126

Study population:

Age: Adults and children 10 to 65

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Spain (Basque)

Buscemi S

Dietary factors:

energy
multiple nutrients

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 18; 36

Validation studies:

Buscemi et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

Food record

n = 65

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 to 79

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Italy (Sicily)

Cantwell M: Meat cooking practice module

Dietary factors:

heterocyclic amines

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 23

Validation studies:

Cantwell et al, 2004

Reference tool(s):

Food diaries

n = 165

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Cena H

Dietary factors:

carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 30

Validation studies:

Cena et al, 2008

Reference tool(s):

Dietary records
Biomarkers - Plasma concentrations carotenoids

n = 87

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Italy

Chan SG: Soy FFQ (SFFQ)

Dietary factors:

soy isoflavones

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 47

Validation studies:

Chan et al, 2008

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 145

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Chinese

Country/location: China

Charlton KE

Dietary factors:

sodium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 42

Validation studies:

Charlton et al, 2008

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
Biomarkers - 24-hour urinary Na

n = 325

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: South Africa

Cleghorn CL

Dietary factors:

multiple

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 20

Validation studies:

Cleghorn et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

FFQ
recall

n = 752

Study population:

Age: Adults 53 to 62

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: England (East Leeds and Bolton)

Combet E

Dietary factors:

iodine

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 17

Validation studies:

Combet et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

diet records
FFQ
biomarkers - urine iodine

n = 43

Study population:

Age: Adults 19 to 49

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Majority white

Country/location: United Kingdom

Condo D: Iodine-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire (I-FFQ)

Dietary factors:

iodine

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 44

Validation studies:

Condo et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

food record
biomarkers - urinary iodine
thyroid function markers

n = 96

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 to 41

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia (Adelaide)

Cook A: Single Question (SQ) for Fruit

Dietary factors:

fruits

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 1

Validation studies:

Cook et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

n = 109

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 to 39

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Cook A: Single Question (SQ) for Vegetable

Dietary factors:

vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 1

Validation studies:

Cook et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

n = 109

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 to 39

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Cook A: Five-item questionnaire for vegetable

Dietary factors:

vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 5

Validation studies:

Cook et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

n = 109

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 to 39

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Couris R: Vitamin K Intake Assessment Card (K-Card)

Dietary factors:

vitamin K

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 54

Validation studies:

Couris et al, 2000

Reference tool(s):

Weighed food records
Biomarker - Plasma phylloquinone concentrations

n = 36

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

Couris et al

Crespo Escobar P

Dietary factors:

gluten

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 19

Validation studies:

Crespo Escobar et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

Food records

n = 141

Study population:

Age: Children 7 to 12 months

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Spain (Valencia)

Crespo Escobar P

Dietary factors:

gluten

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 26

Validation studies:

Crespo Escobar et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

Food records

n = 246

Study population:

Age: Children 13 to 36 months

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Spain (Valencia)

Cullen: Fruit, juice and vegetable (FJV) FFQ

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables (fruits, juice and vegetables)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 24

Validation studies:

Cullen et al, 1999

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 92

Study population:

Age: Adults and children

Gender: Male

Race/ethnicity: Mostly Black

Country/location: U.S.

De Cock N: The quantitative beverage and snack food frequency questionnaire

Dietary factors:

beverages
snacks

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 42

Validation studies:

De Cock et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

24-hour recalls (3)

n = 99

Study population:

Age: Children 14 to 16 years

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Belgium (Flanders)

Dennison B: Child Dietary Fat Questionnaire (CDFQ)

Dietary factors:

dietary fat (total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 17

Validation studies:

Dennison et al, 2000

Reference tool(s):

Dietary records
24-hour dietary recalls

n = 91

Study population:

Age: Children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: U.S.

Devenish G: Study of Mothers' and Infants' Life Events Food Frequency Questionnaire (SMILE-FFQ)

Dietary factors:

sugars

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 89

Validation studies:

Devenish et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

recalls

n = 97

Study population:

Age: Adults (parents with a child between 18 and 30 months)

Gender: Predominantly female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Dickinson KM: Marine Omega-3 FFQ (MFQ)

Dietary factors:

omega-3 fatty acids

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 9

Validation studies:

Dickinson et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

n = 108

Study population:

Age: Adults (mean 67)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Do Amaral RC

Dietary factors:

cariogenic foods: sugar

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 11

Validation studies:

Do Amaral et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

24-hour recalls

n = 87

Study population:

Age: Adolescents

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Brazil (Piracicaba)

Dunn S: FFQ to measure inulin and oligofructose

Dietary factors:

inulin and oligofructose

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 23

Validation studies:

Dunn et al, 2011

Reference tool(s):

7-day food diary

n = 66

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: United Kingdom

Eaton DK: CDC's Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) Fruit and Vegetable Intake Questions and Alternative Questions

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 6; 6; 2

Validation studies:

Eaton et al, 2013

Reference tool(s):

24-hour recalls

n = 615

Study population:

Age: Children 9th to 12th grade

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: U.S.

England CY: UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire (UKDDQ)

Dietary factors:

Other

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 25

Validation studies:

England et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

Food record

n = 151

Study population:

Age: Adults 30 to 70

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Mostly white British

Country/location: United Kingdom (Southwest England)

Fialkowski MK: Shellfish assessment survey

Dietary factors:

shellfish

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 62

Validation studies:

Fialkowski et al, 2010

Reference tool(s):

Food record
FFQ

n = 500

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Native Americans

Country/location: U.S.

Field AE: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) questionnaire

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 4

Validation studies:

Field et al, 1998

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
Harvard FFQ

n = 120

Study population:

Age: Children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Field AE: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) questionaire

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 6

Validation studies:

Field et al, 1998

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
Harvard FFQ

n = 120

Study population:

Age: Children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Flood VM

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
lean meat
processed meat
take-away food
snack foods
potato crisps and confectionery
soft drinks/cordials
juice
milk
water

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 17

Validation studies:

Flood et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

3-day food records

n = 77

Study population:

Age: Children 2 to 5

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia (Sydney)

Fowke JH

Dietary factors:

cruciferous vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 37

Validation studies:

Fowke et al, 2002

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
Biomarker - Urinary concentrations of dithiocarbamate

n = 33

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: U.S.

Frankenfeld CL

Dietary factors:

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 40

Validation studies:

Frankenfeld et al, 2002

Reference tool(s):

Biomarkers - plasma isoflavone concentration

n = 77

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

Frankenfeld CL: Soy FFQ

Dietary factors:

soy isoflavones

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 20

Validation studies:

Frankenfeld et al, 2003

Reference tool(s):

Biomarker - plasma isoflavone concentration

n = 96

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (94%)

Country/location: U.S.

French MR

Dietary factors:

phytoestrogen

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 53

Validation studies:

French et al, 2007

Reference tool(s):

Biomarker - Urinary concentrations of metabolites

n = 26

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: White

Country/location: Canada

Gans KM: Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment (REAP)

Dietary factors:

whole grains
calcium-rich foods
fruits and vegetables
fat
saturated fat and cholesterol
sugar-containing foods and beverages
sodium
alcoholic beverages

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 27

Validation studies:

Gans et al, 2006

Reference tool(s):

n = 94

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (94%)

Country/location: U.S.

Giovannelli J

Dietary factors:

multiple food groups

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 24

Validation studies:

Giovannelli et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

3-day record
Biomarkers on subsample

n = 2,630

Study population:

Age: Adults 35 to 65

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: France

Głąbska D: IODINE-FFQ

Dietary factors:

Iodine

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 44

Validation studies:

Głąbska et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

records

n = 90

Study population:

Age: Adults 20 to 35

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Poland

Głąbska D: Iron Intake Calculation Food Frequency Questionnaire (IRONIC-FFQ)

Dietary factors:

iron

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 32

Validation studies:

Głąbska et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

3-day record

n = 75

Study population:

Age: Adults 20 to 30

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Poland

Głąbska D: Vitamin D Estimation Only - Food Frequency Questionnaire (VIDEO-FFQ)

Dietary factors:

vitamin D

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Validation studies:

Głąbska et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

food records

n = 75

Study population:

Age: Adults 20 to 30

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Poland (Warsaw)

Głąbska D: Folate-Intake Calculation-Food Frequency Questionnaire (Fol-IC-FFQ)

Dietary factors:

folate

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 25

Validation studies:

Głąbska et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

3-day records

n = 75

Study population:

Age: Adults 20 to 30

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Poland (Warsaw)

Głąbska D: Zinc Intake Calculation-Food Frequency Questionnaire (ZINC-FFQ)

Dietary factors:

zinc

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 46

Validation studies:

Głąbska et al, 2018

Reference tool(s):

3-d records

n = 90

Study population:

Age: Adults 20-35

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Poland

Greene GW: NCI fruits and vegetables screener

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 19

Validation studies:

Greene et al, 2008

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
Biomarkers - Serum carotenoids

n = 590

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Hakim IA: Arizona Tea Questionnaire

Dietary factors:

black tea polyphenols

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 20

Validation studies:

Hakim et al, 2001

Reference tool(s):

Arizona FFQ
Food records

n = 120

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (>90%)

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

Hakim et al

Harnack LJ: Calcium FFQ

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 10

Validation studies:

Harnack et al, 2006

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 248

Study population:

Age: Children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Healey G: Dietary Fibre Intake Short Food Frequency Questionnaire (DFI-FFQ)

Dietary factors:

fiber

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 5

Validation studies:

Healey et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

n = 52

Study population:

Age: Adults 19 to 65

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: New Zealand (Palmerston North)

Hedrick VE: Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEVQ)

Dietary factors:

beverages
sugar-sweetened beverages

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 19; 15; 15; 15

Validation studies:

Hedrick et al, 2010

Reference tool(s):

4-day food diary

n = 105

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Mostly White

Country/location: U.S. (Virginia)

Hedrick et al, 2012

Reference tool(s):

24-hour recalls

n = 70

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 to 93

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S. (Virginia)

Hooper et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

recalls (3)

n = 273

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 and older

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S. (Virginia)

Hill et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

recalls

n = 326

Study population:

Age: Children 6 to 18 years

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Primarily white

Country/location: U.S. (New River Valley, VA)

Hemiö K

Dietary factors:

fats
sucrose
fiber
vitamin C
iron
vitamin D

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ and Behavioral Questionnaire

Number of questions/food items: 16

Validation studies:

Hemiö et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

7-day food record

n = 77

Study population:

Age: Adults (mean 45 for men and 43 for women)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Finland

Hendrie GA

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
milk type

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 3

Validation studies:

Hendrie et al, 2013

Reference tool(s):

Two 24-hour dietary recalls

n = 4,487

Study population:

Age: Children 2 to 16

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Hendrie GA: Short Food Survey

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
breads and cereals
meat and alternatives
dairy
beverages

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 38

Validation studies:

Hendrie et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

Three 24-hour recalls

n = 63

Study population:

Age: Children 4 to 11

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia (Adelaide)

Hickling S: Folate Intake Tool (FIT)

Dietary factors:

folate

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 19

Validation studies:

Hickling et al, 2005

Reference tool(s):

Biomarker - serum folate concentration

n = 568

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Hopman EG: FQ-Gluten

Dietary factors:

gluten

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 68

Validation studies:

Hopman et al, 2007

Reference tool(s):

2-day Food records

n = 87

Study population:

Age: Children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Netherlands

Huang YC: Simplified food frequency questionnaire

Dietary factors:

food group patterns
grain
dairy
meat
fish
egg
soy
fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 37

Validation studies:

Huang et al, 2011

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recall
biomarkers

n = 81 (recalls); 1473 (biomarkers)

Study population:

Age: Adults (65 and older)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Fukienese, Hakka, Mainlander, Aboriginal

Country/location: Taiwan

Hung A: Calcium Assessment Tool

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Validation studies:

Hung et al, 2011

Reference tool(s):

3-day food record

n = 348

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: White, Asian, African-Canadian, Other

Country/location: Canada (greater Toronto area)

Hunsberger M: Block Kids Food Screener

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
dairy
whole grains
protein sources
saturated fat
added sugar

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 41

Validation studies:

Hunsberger et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

three 24-hour recalls

n = 99

Study population:

Age: Children 10 to 17

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: U.S. (Portland, Oregon)

Ingram MA: New Zealand PUFA FFQ

Dietary factors:

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 36

Validation studies:

Ingram et al, 2012

Reference tool(s):

3-day weighed record

n = 42

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: White

Country/location: New Zealand

Itkonen ST

Dietary factors:

vitamin D
calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 98

Validation studies:

Itkonen et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

Food record, biomarkers

n = 29 to 67

Study population:

Age: Adults 20 to 37

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Finland

Julián Almárcegui C

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 19

Validation studies:

Julián Almárcegui et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

Two 24-hour dietary recalls

n = 141

Study population:

Age: Children (adolescents)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Spain

Kanoni S: Zinc food frequency in ZINCAGE

Dietary factors:

zinc

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 53

Validation studies:

Kanoni et al, 2010

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 105

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Europe

Keating GA: Meat frequency questionnaire (MFQ)

Dietary factors:

heterocyclic amines

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 12

Validation studies:

Keating et al, 2007

Reference tool(s):

Block FFQ

n = 314

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Male

Race/ethnicity: Black

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

Kent K: Kent & Charlton Flavonoid FFQ

Dietary factors:

flavonoids

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 93

Validation studies:

Kent et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

4-day food record

n = 42

Study population:

Age: Older adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Khan NC

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 36

Validation studies:

Khan et al, 2008

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 140

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Vietnam

Kris-Etherton P: MEDFICTS (Meat, Eggs, Dairy, Fried foods, In baked goods, Convenient foods, fats added at the Table and Snacks)

Dietary factors:

fats (total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 16

Validation studies:

Kris-Etherton et al, 2001

Reference tool(s):

3-day food records

n = 48

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Not specified

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

Kristal AR: 5-A-DAY questionnaire

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 7

Validation studies:

Kristal et al, 2000

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 260

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

Lane HG: Patterns of Diet at School (PODS) survey

Dietary factors:

usual intake of breakfast and lunch foods (other)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ, Behavioral

Number of questions/food items: 10-175

Validation studies:

Lane et al, 2018

Reference tool(s):

records

n = 58

Study population:

Age: Children 3rd, 6th, and 9th graders

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Varied

Country/location: US

Laviolle B

Dietary factors:

saturated fatty acids
mono-unsaturated fatty acids
poly-unsaturated fatty acids
fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 14

Validation studies:

Laviolle et al, 2005

Reference tool(s):

7-day dietary history
Biomarkers - Plasma fatty acid concentrations; Plasma folate concentration

n = 205

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: France

Lean MEJ: Dietary Targets Monitor

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
fish
starchy foods

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 9

Validation studies:

Lean et al, 2003

Reference tool(s):

FFQ (Scottish Heart Health Study FFQ)

n = 1,085

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Scotland

Leppälä J: Index of Diet Quality

Dietary factors:

whole grain foods
fat-containing foods
vegetables, fruits, and berries
sugar-rich foods
dairy
supplements
meal pattern
alcohol

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 55

Validation studies:

Leppälä J et al, 2010

Reference tool(s):

7-day food diary

n = 103

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Finland

Lillegaard ITL

Dietary factors:

high-fat foods
high-sugar foods
fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 23

Validation studies:

Lillegaard et al, 2012

Reference tool(s):

4-day pre-coded food record

n = 1,637

Study population:

Age: Children (9-year-olds and 13-year-olds)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Norway

Ling AM

Dietary factors:

cereals
fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 16

Validation studies:

Ling et al, 1998

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 70

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Singapore

Luevano-Contreras C

Dietary factors:

dietary advanced glycation end products

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 90

Validation studies:

Luevano-Contreras et al, 2013

Reference tool(s):

7-day food record

n = 20

Study population:

Age: Adults (mean 57)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: U.S.

Mainvil LA

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 5-item and 12-item (2 fruit questionnaires); 5-item and 15-item (2 vegetable questionnaires)

Validation studies:

Mainvil et al, 2011

Reference tool(s):

Dietary history

n = 100

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Largely European

Country/location: New Zealand

Magarey A: Children's Dietary Questionnaire

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
fat from dairy
sweetened beverages
non-core foods

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 28

Validation studies:

Magarey et al, 2009

Reference tool(s):

Checklist

n = 706

Study population:

Age: Children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Magkos F

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 30

Validation studies:

Magkos et al, 2006

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recall

n = 1,001

Study population:

Age: Adults and children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Greece

Other references:

Magkos et al

Marshall T: Iowa Flouride study Targeted Nutrient Questionnaire

Dietary factors:

fluoride intake
beverages
calcium
vitamin D

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 22

Validation studies:

Marshall et al, 2008

Reference tool(s):

3-day diaries

n = 223

Study population:

Age: Children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (98%)

Country/location: U.S.

Mason B: Scored Sodium Questionnaire (SSQ)

Dietary factors:

sodium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 10

Validation studies:

Mason et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

24-hour urine sodium (biologic)
1-day food record
Diet history

n = 34

Study population:

Age: Adults 26 to 97

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Mearns GJ: B12FFQ

Dietary factors:

vitamin B12

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 30

Validation studies:

Mearns et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

serum B12
holotranscobalamin

n = 60

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 to 50

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: South Asian

Country/location: New Zealand (Auckland)

Mina K

Dietary factors:

fish

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 50

Validation studies:

Mina et al, 2007

Reference tool(s):

Biomarker - blood Omega 3 fatty acids concentrations

n = 91

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: Australia

Other references:

Mina et al

Montomoli M: Calcium FFQ

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 15

Validation studies:

Montomoli et al, 2002

Reference tool(s):

14-day food record

n = 206

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: White

Country/location: Italy

Morin P

Dietary factors:

protein

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 20

Validation studies:

Morin et al, 2005

Reference tool(s):

Food diary
24-hour dietary recalls

n = 72

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Switzerland

Morino GS: NutricheQ Questionnaire

Dietary factors:

dietary inbalances
vitamin D
iron

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 11

Validation studies:

Morino et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

Food record

n = 201

Study population:

Age: Children 1 to 3

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Italy

Myers EA: Artificial Sweetner (Non-nutritive Sweetener) Intake Questionnaire

Dietary factors:

artificial sweeteners
non-nutritive sweeteners

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 50

Validation studies:

Myers et al, 2018

Reference tool(s):

3 24-hr recalls

n = 125

Study population:

Age: Adults 18-86

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Caucasian, Other

Country/location: USA (Southwest Virginia)

Nelson MC

Dietary factors:

beverage and fast food intake

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 22

Validation studies:

Nelson et al, 2009

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 59

Study population:

Age: Children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: White

Country/location: U.S.

Neuhouser ML

Dietary factors:

fat (percentage energy from fat and saturated fat)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 13

Validation studies:

Neuhouser et al, 1999

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
FFQ

n = 146

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Male

Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (95%)

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

Neuhouser ML: Beverage and snack questionnaire

Dietary factors:

soft drinks
salty snacks
sweets
milk
fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 19

Validation studies:

Neuhouser et al, 2009

Reference tool(s):

4-day food records

n = 46

Study population:

Age: Children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

O'Malley Olsen E

Dietary factors:

beverages

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 9

Validation studies:

O'Malley Olsen et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

Multiple 24-hour dietary recalls

n = 610

Study population:

Age: Children (high school students)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: White, black, Hispanic

Country/location: U.S.

Ong AM

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 51

Validation studies:

Ong et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

recalls

n = 108

Study population:

Age: Adults ≥ 50

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Canada (Montreal)

Owens JE

Dietary factors:

folate

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 21

Validation studies:

Owens et al, 2007

Reference tool(s):

Biomarker - RBC folate
Block FFQ

n = 370

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Papadaki A

Dietary factors:

legumes

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 5

Validation studies:

Papadaki et al, 2007

Reference tool(s):

7d-food diary

n = 51

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: White

Country/location: Scotland

Pauwels S

Dietary factors:

methyl-group donors

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 51

Validation studies:

Pauwels et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

Records

n = 80

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 to 35

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Belgium (Flanders)

Pellegrini N

Dietary factors:

antioxidants (total antioxidant capacity)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 53

Validation studies:

Pellegrini et al, 2007

Reference tool(s):

3d-weighed food records

n = 285

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Italy

Pestitschek M

Dietary factors:

selenium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 15

Validation studies:

Pestitschek et al, 2013

Reference tool(s):

Whole blood selenium

n = 212

Study population:

Age: Adults and children 15 to 87

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Austria (Vienna)

Petrovic D: Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) Questionnaire on caffeinated beverages

Dietary factors:

caffeine

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 3

Validation studies:

Petrovic et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

biomarker

n = 657

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Switzerland (Lausanne, Geneva, and Bern)

Plaete J: Fruit Test

Dietary factors:

fruits

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 17

Validation studies:

Plaete et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

Food record

n = 58

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Belgium

Plaete J: Vegetable Test

Dietary factors:

vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 13

Validation studies:

Plaete et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

Food record

n = 58

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Belgium

Prochaska JJ: Fruit and vegetable brief

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 2

Validation studies:

Prochaska et al, 2004

Reference tool(s):

3-day food records

n = 138

Study population:

Age: Children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Rasch LA: Short Calcium Intake List (SCaIL)

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 3

Validation studies:

Rasch et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

Diet history

n = 66

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 and older

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: The Netherlands (Amersterdam)

Rasmussen LB

Dietary factors:

iodine

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 53

Validation studies:

Rasmussen et al, 2001

Reference tool(s):

4-day dietary records
Biomarker - 24-hour urine excretion

n = 254

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Denmark

Resincow K

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 7

Validation studies:

Resincow et al, 2000

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
Biomarker - serum carotenoids

n = 994

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Black

Country/location: U.S.

Resincow K

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 2

Validation studies:

Resincow et al, 2000

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
Biomarker - serum carotenoids

n = 1,006

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Black

Country/location: U.S.

Resincow K

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 36

Validation studies:

Resincow et al, 2000

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
Biomarker - serum carotenoids

n = 1,002

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Black

Country/location: U.S.

Rifas-Shiman: PrimeScreen

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
whole grains
dairy
fish
red meats
fatty foods
vitamins and supplements

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 25

Validation studies:

Rifas-Shiman et al, 2001

Reference tool(s):

131-item FFQ
Biomarkers - plasma alpha tocopherol, beta carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin

n = 160

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Rohrmann S: Short questionnaire

Dietary factors:

fats (total fat, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids & cholesterol)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 20

Validation studies:

Rohrmann et al, 2003

Reference tool(s):

n = 244

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Germany

Other references:

Rohrmann S et al

Rudolph E: Caffeine assessment tool (CAT)

Dietary factors:

caffeine

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Validation studies:

Rudolph et al, 2012

Reference tool(s):

3-day food record
Caffeine saliva concentrations

n = 51

Study population:

Age: Adults 21 to 65

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Austria

Samman S: Zinc-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire

Dietary factors:

zinc

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 74

Validation studies:

Samman et al, 2010

Reference tool(s):

7-day weighed food diary

n = 22

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Schröder H: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener

Dietary factors:

Mediterranean diet

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ and Behavioral Questionnaire

Number of questions/food items: 14

Validation studies:

Schröder et al, 2011

Reference tool(s):

n = 7,146

Study population:

Age: Adults 55 to 80

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Spain

Hebestreit et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

FFQ
biologic (serum beta carotene, fatty acid profile)

n = 66

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 to 75

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Germany (Kiel, Cologne, and Munich)

Papadaki et al, 2018

Reference tool(s):

3-d records

n = 96

Study population:

Age: Adults 55 to 80

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Caucasian, Other

Country/location: UK (Bristol)

Schröder H: Short Diet Quality Screener (sDQS)

Dietary factors:

diet quality

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 18

Validation studies:

Schröder et al, 2012

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 102

Study population:

Age: Adults (median 58.6)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Spain

Schröder H: Brief Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS)

Dietary factors:

diet quality

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 15

Validation studies:

Schröder et al, 2012

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 102

Study population:

Age: Adults (median 58.6)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Spain

Sebring NG: Short calcium questionnaire

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 25

Validation studies:

Sebring et al, 2007

Reference tool(s):

7-day food records

n = 341

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Sebring NG: Calcium questionnaire

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 87

Validation studies:

Sebring et al, 2007

Reference tool(s):

7-day food records

n = 341

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Segal-Isaacson: Shortened Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment (REAP-S)

Dietary factors:

whole grains
fat
sugar
sodium beverages
selected food groups

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 16

Validation studies:

Segal-Isaacson et al, 2004

Reference tool(s):

FFQ (Block 1998 FFQ)

n = 110

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Serdula M: BRFSS fruits and vegetable module

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 6

Validation studies:

Serdula et al, 1993

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recall
Diet records

n = 1,079

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Serra-Majem L

Dietary factors:

alcohol

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 13

Validation studies:

Serra-Majem et al, 2002

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
7-day food records
FFQ

n = 93

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Spain

Shiraishi M: Brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire

Dietary factors:

eicosapentaenoic fatty acid and docosahexaenoic fatty acid

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 58

Validation studies:

Shiraishi et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

Biomarkers – plasma DHA, plasma EPA

n = 207

Study population:

Age: Adults 20 and older

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Japan (Tokyo)

Smith BA: OsteoCalc

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 70

Validation studies:

Smith et al, 1999

Reference tool(s):

Health Habits and History Questionnaire
Oregon calcium score sheet
FFQ

n = 91

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Mostly White (97%)

Country/location: U.S.

Smith LP: China Beverage Validation Study beverage screener

Dietary factors:

beverages

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 16

Validation studies:

Smith et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

3-day 24-hour recall, record assisted

n = 110

Study population:

Age: Adults (mean 30)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: China (Shanghai)

Söderberg L

Dietary factors:

vitamin D
calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 16

Validation studies:

Söderberg et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

records
other

n = 28

Study population:

Age: Children 5 to 7

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Sweden

Sotos-Prieto M: Mediterranean Lifestyle index (MEDLIFE)

Dietary factors:

Mediterranean lifestyle

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 22

Validation studies:

Sotos-Prieto et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

n = 196

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Spain (Madrid)

Spencer EH: Healthy doc diet screener

Dietary factors:

fat
fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 43

Validation studies:

Spencer et al, 2005

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 88

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Sublette ME

Dietary factors:

polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 21

Validation studies:

Sublette et al, 2011

Reference tool(s):

biologic - plasma PUFA assay

n = 61

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 to 73

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S. (New York)

Wilson et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

biologic - whole blood PUFAs

n = 58

Study population:

Age: College-aged adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Majority non-Hispanic white

Country/location: U.S.

Sullivan BL

Dietary factors:

polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 28

Validation studies:

Sullivan et al, 2008

Reference tool(s):

3-day weighed food records

n = 53

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia

Svensson Å

Dietary factors:

energy
multiple nutrients and food groups

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 39

Validation studies:

Svensson et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

DLW (biologic)
FFQ

n = 65

Study population:

Age: Adults (median 29)

Gender: Women

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Sweden (Umea)

Tan LM

Dietary factors:

iodine

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 49

Validation studies:

Tan et al, 2013

Reference tool(s):

24-hour diet recalls
biomarker - urinary iodine

n = 84

Study population:

Age: Adults 60 to 95

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Australia (New South Wales)

Thompson FE: NCI Fat screener

Dietary factors:

fat (energy from fat)

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 16

Validation studies:

Thompson et al, 2007

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
FFQ

n = 404

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

NCI fat screener

Related to:

Alcantara I: NCI Fat Screener; BRFSS Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Module

Thompson FE: NCI Multifactor screener

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
energy from fat and fiber

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 17

Validation studies:

Thompson et al, 2004

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
FFQ

n = 1,362

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

Multifactor screener

Thompson FE: NCI By-meal screener

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 13; 14

Validation studies:

Thompson et al, 2002

Reference tool(s):

24-hour recalls
FFQ

n = 222

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: U.S.

Janse VAN Rensburg et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

Field Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Serum carotenoids

n = 81

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Mostly Caucasian

Country/location: South Africa

Other references:

All-day and By-meal screeners

Thompson FE: NCI All-day screener

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 9

Validation studies:

Thompson et al, 2002

Reference tool(s):

24-hour recalls
FFQ

n = 240

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

Thompson FE: NCI standard F&V screener

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 7

Validation studies:

Thompson et al, 2000

Reference tool(s):

24-hour recalls
FFQ

n = 436

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

NCI fruit and vegetable screeners

Thompson FE: NCI new F&V screener

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 16

Validation studies:

Thompson et al, 2000

Reference tool(s):

24-hour recalls
FFQ

n = 438

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

NCI fruit and vegetable screeners

Thompson FE: NHIS 5-factor screener (NCI)

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
added sugar
fiber
calcium and dairy servings

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 20

Validation studies:

Thompson et al, 2009

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 28,948

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

5-factor screener validation results

Thompson FE: CHIS 2005 2-factor screener (NCI)

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables
added sugars

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 11

Validation studies:

Thompson et al, 2009

Reference tool(s):

24-hour recalls

n = 7,954

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Hispanic

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

2-factor screener validation results

Townsend MS: Focus on Veggies

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Number of questions/food items: 10

Validation studies:

Townsend et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

recall
biomarkers

n = 133

Study population:

Age: Young children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S. (California)

Trame S

Dietary factors:

zinc

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 18

Validation studies:

Trame et al, 2018

Reference tool(s):

biological (blood, urine)
2 24-hr recalls

n = 71

Study population:

Age: Adults 18-55

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Germany

Van Assema P: Fat list

Dietary factors:

fats

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 35

Validation studies:

Van Assema et al, 2001

Reference tool(s):

7-day diet records

n = 95

Study population:

Age: Adults and children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Netherlands

Vandelanotte C: Computerized fat intake questionnaire

Dietary factors:

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 48

Validation studies:

Vandelanotte et al, 2004

Reference tool(s):

7-day diet records

n = 86

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Belgium

Other references:

Vandelanotte et al

Vian I

Dietary factors:

polyphenols

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 52

Validation studies:

Vian et al, 2015

Reference tool(s):

24-hour
record
urinary polyphenols

n = 120

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Brazil

Wenhold FA: Modified MEDFICTS

Dietary factors:

fats

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 10

Validation studies:

Wenhold et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

3-day record
Biomarkers on subsample

n = 93

Study population:

Age: Children aged 12

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Mostly White

Country/location: South Africa

Wiens L: SmartDiet Canadian Version Questionnaire

Dietary factors:

fiber
fat

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 17

Validation studies:

Wiens et al, 2010

Reference tool(s):

3-day food diary

n = 54

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Mostly White

Country/location: Canada

Weir RR

Dietary factors:

vitamin D

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 17

Validation studies:

Weir et al, 2016

Reference tool(s):

Food record, biomarker

n = 49

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 to 64

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: Ireland

Williams AE

Dietary factors:

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 12

Validation studies:

Williams et al, 2003

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls
Biomarker - Urinary isoflavone concentration

n = 199

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Other references:

Maskarinec et al

Wijnhoven HAH: The Protein Screener 55+ (Pro55+)

Dietary factors:

protein

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 10

Validation studies:

Wijnhoven et al, 2018

Reference tool(s):

n = 563

Study population:

Age: Adults 55+

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Not specified

Country/location: The Netherlands

Wong SS: Interactive multimedia computerized FFQ

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 80

Validation studies:

Wong et al, 2008

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recall

n = 161

Study population:

Age: Children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Multiple

Country/location: U.S.

Wu Y

Dietary factors:

iodine

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 81

Validation studies:

Wu et al, 2018

Reference tool(s):

3-d record
24 hr urine

n = 631

Study population:

Age: Children 7-13

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: Chinese

Country/location: China (Ningjin and Lingxian counties of the city of Dezhou, in the province of Shandong)

Xu L

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 110

Validation studies:

Xu et al, 2000

Reference tool(s):

7-day food records

n = 21

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Chinese

Country/location: China

Yang M

Dietary factors:

antioxidants

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 74

Validation studies:

Yang et al, 2014

Reference tool(s):

30-day food records
Plasma antioxidants

n = 60

Study population:

Age: Adults (college students 18 to 25 years old)

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: White, black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander

Country/location: U.S. (Storrs, Connecticut)

Yang YJ: Brief Calcium Assessment Tool

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 15

Validation studies:

Yang et al, 2010

Reference tool(s):

Biomarkers - Bone mineral content

n = 745

Study population:

Age: Adolescents

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Asian, Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White

Country/location: U.S.

Yaroch AL: 2-item cup fruit and vegetable screener

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 2

Validation studies:

Yaroch et al, 2012

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 244

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: White, Black

Country/location: U.S.

Yaroch AL: 2-item serving fruit and vegetable screener

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 2

Validation studies:

Yaroch et al, 2012

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 244

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: White, Black

Country/location: U.S.

Yaroch AL: 8-item fruit and vegetable screener

Dietary factors:

fruits and vegetables

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 8

Validation studies:

Yaroch et al, 2012

Reference tool(s):

24-hour dietary recalls

n = 244

Study population:

Age: Adults

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: White, Black

Country/location: U.S.

Zekovic M: Folate-Food Frequency Questionnaire (F-FFQ)

Dietary factors:

folate

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 90

Validation studies:

Zekovic et al, 2017

Reference tool(s):

24-hour recalls (3)
biomarkers (folate concentration in serum and RBCs)

n = 503

Study population:

Age: Adults 18 to 49

Gender: Female

Race/ethnicity: Serbian

Country/location: Serbia

Zemel BS: Calcium Counts! Food Frequency Questionnaire

Dietary factors:

calcium

Instrument description:

Questionnaire format: FFQ

Number of questions/food items: 41

Validation studies:

Zemel et al, 2010

Reference tool(s):

7-day weighed records

n = 139

Study population:

Age: Children

Gender: Both

Race/ethnicity: African-American, non-AA (mostly white)

Country/location: U.S.